To: Hawkmoon who wrote (8209 ) 8/12/2006 6:15:44 AM From: elmatador Respond to of 217764 There’s More Than the Currency Advantage Behind China’s Export Surge By FLOYD NORRIS Published: August 12, 2006 THE United States trade deficit narrowed ever so slightly in June, but the mild improvement did not deter renewed calls in Washington for a substantial currency revaluation by China to make American exports more competitive. Congress is again threatening to take protectionist measures unless China does more than allow the gradual appreciation of the currency that it began last year. Graphic: China Looms Large The chart at right shows the amazing rise of Chinese exports to the rest of the world compared with the total amount of United States exports to its trading partners. As recently as 1993, the first year of Bill Clinton’s presidency, they amounted to just a fifth of the United States total, but they had climbed to nearly a third of the total by 2000, the last year of Mr. Clinton’s administration. Since then, the rise has been meteoric. By 2003, Chinese exports had expanded to 60 percent of the American total, and in 2005 the figure hit 84 percent. With June figures now reported by all major countries, Chinese exports amounted to 90 percent of the United States total in the first half of this year. In most export products, Chinese companies compete with other Asian concerns, not with American or European ones, in large part because of the widely different wage rates. That makes it unlikely that a substantial Chinese revaluation would, in and of itself, do much to stimulate American exports. Conceivably, however, by making Chinese citizens feel richer, and by cutting the prices of goods imported to China, it might stimulate demand for products from the United States and other countries. But the immediate effect of such a revaluation might be to propel the dollar value of Chinese exports up, enabling it to pass the United States in terms of export value, and perhaps setting off demands in Washington for even more action. Not that long ago, the complaints in Washington were about unfair trade practices of Japan, not China. The second chart shows Japanese exports, again as a percentage of the United States total. They peaked in 1986 at 93 percent of the American total, but then fell back as the decline of the dollar, which had begun in 1985 after the Plaza accord of major industrialized nations began to have an impact. The bursting of Japan’s bubble in 1990, and the lackluster Japanese economy during the decade that followed, caused export growth in Japan to lag that of the United States. By 2001, the Japanese were down to just 55 percent of the United States pace. They then grew faster than the United States for a few years, but are lagging this year. Some economists have voiced fears that a slowdown in the United States would cause the rest of the world, particularly Asia, to suffer. But Robert J. Barbera, the chief economist of ITG, notes that American imports, adjusted for inflation, are already growing much less rapidly than they did in the late 1990’s, without any apparent impact on China’s soaring trade surpluses. He notes that Europe’s share of China’s exports has been growing. And while the United States is still the world’s No. 1 exporter, that is nothing compared with its dominance of the other end of the trade equation. In the first half of this year, it imported more than China and Germany put together, and three times as much as Japan. That reflects the huge United States imbalance of trade in goods. Germany imported 83 cents worth of goods for each dollar of exports, a penny less than China and 7 cents less than Japan. The United States imported $1.82 worth of goods for each dollar’s worth it exportednytimes.com