To: Dennis Roth who wrote (662 ) 2/23/2007 10:00:46 AM From: Dennis Roth Respond to of 1740 Interview: SES' Vail on clean coal By KRISTYN ECOCHARD UPI Energy Correspondentupi.com WASHINGTON, Feb. 23 (UPI) -- With demand for energy growing globally, more than 1 percent annually in the United States alone, discussion is picking up on ways to meet the demand. The United States has the world's largest proven coal reserves and using that asset in an environmentally conscious way has become a major focus of the U.S. Department of Energy as well as energy industry players and, especially, members of the growing coal-gasification market. In response, Synthesis Energy Systems recently began construction on a coal gasification plant in China and is touting its exclusive technology. United Press International spoke with Tim Vail, president and chief executive officer of SES. The company specializes in clean conversion of low-value feedstock into high-value commodity products. It has the global exclusive rights to a gasification technology called U-GAS, which was developed by the Gas Technology Institute in Chicago over the last 30 years. UPI. What's on the table right now for SES and what's coming up in the near future? Vail. We currently are building a U-GAS plant in Shandong, China, that will take waste coal and supply clean syngas to a methanol chemical plant. We are also actively pursuing two other larger projects, one here in the United States to re-power an existing 60 megawatt coal-combustion facility with clean coal gasification technology. The output will be quadrupled and emissions will be cut in half. The other project is a fairly large 250,000 ton per year methanol facility in northern China. Q. Is SES planning on getting involved in the emerging coal-to-liquids market? A. The first step in any coal-to-liquids process is to gasify that coal and then you can take it through Fisher-Tropsch or an ethanol conversion process. We are in discussions with two fairly significant coal-to-liquids players. We would like to be part of those projects where we either are doing the coal gasification piece or the biomass gasification piece. I think as those projects move forward, we will likely have an opportunity to participate in those plans. Q. Critics say clean coal is only clean to the effect that it reduces emissions but miners and mining towns still suffer the negative side effects of handling coal. Is SES doing anything to improve other aspects of the coal gasification process? A. The plants that we're currently building and the other plants that we've got on the drawing board here in the United States are actually taking waste coal products. This is product that would normally end up either in a landfill or in glom piles or middlings piles around coal mines and this is the tailings of the cleansing process for coal that moves on to combustion plants. By using that waste coal, we are cleaning up the mess around some of the existing coals. We also use higher ash, lower quality lignite coals that are not mined in the traditional way. Also, petcoke is used which is shipped from a refinery and not mined at all. Q. What is the difference between U-GAS and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and what is SES doing in respect to IGCC? A. Just like in the liquification process there has to be a step within any IGCC plant and so we can take coal and turn it into power, that's what the project in the Midwest is going to be doing. But where we differ from some of the bigger players like Shell and GE is that they're using high grade coals and are suited to larger IGCC plants. A lot of the challenges in this business come from trying to build an 800 megawatt, $1 billion plant. There's a lot of work from all sides including regulatory, technology and contracting and it takes a long time. Using a fluidized bed technology allows us to gasify a variety of coals efficiently on a much smaller scale. We are profitable running on a 200 megawatt scale and that opens up a lot of opportunities that can be finished more quickly. Q. Critics of coal gasification say it is energy inefficient because it uses energy to process the coal. Is SES different than other coal gasification technologies in that regard? A. You might use alternative fuel to get the gasification plant started but that only takes a few days. Once it's up and running, you use the primary feedstock, whether is lignite, or waste coal or petcoke. Coal gasification is a very efficient process. Depending on who you talk to, it's between 15 and 20 percent more efficient than coal combustion technologies, so I don't really see energy use inefficiency as a legitimate argument against investing in clean coal. We don't use any outside energy to run our plants. We do recognize that coal gasification is not as well proven as pulverized coal or fluidized bed coal combustion plants, but coal will have to play a role in providing more electricity. Around the world other countries are using coal gasification efficiently and it needs to be accepted in the United States. Q. What outside fuel costs influence the competitiveness of U-GAS coal gasification? A. It's all about natural gas pricing. In the United States and in China we compete with delivered natural gas prices. To the extent that those gas prices stay where they are or move up that's good for our business; we could continue to expand rapidly in that environment. Over the last 20 years, the United States was able to depend on natural gas as a clean, cheap, reliable energy source but with rising prices , we're at the end of that opportunity. Q. What regulatory framework do you think would make U-GAS more cost competitive? A. We would like to see regulators embrace coal gasification as a way for us to utilize our vast indigenous coal resources. Coal gasification is really the only way to do that cleanly. Focus on carbon dioxide would also be welcome. SES plants produce carbon dioxide from coal in a concentrated form that can be used in many other processes. As sequestration technologies advance, we would like to see a value placed on that carbon dioxide, possibly in the form of a carbon tax, credits or cap and trade program. Q. How can the coal gasification industry be further advanced? A. By proposing, siting and building smaller plants in larger numbers, coal gasification can gain more confidence. Utilities are all about reliability and it makes sense that they would be reticent to make a billion dollar decision on a technology that isn't fully understood. But there may be more of an opportunity for SES to build smaller, $200 million projects. It's easier for engineering companies and banks to get involved with smaller projects. We're going to get things built in a matter of three years, not seven. -- (Comments to energy@upi.com)