To: Proud_Infidel who wrote (6999 ) 4/25/2007 11:46:53 AM From: lorne Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 20106 Brian....."The latest album of the Hichkas, ''the jungle of asphalt', is considered homage to the Persian empire before it was "invaded by Arab bedouins to be converted to Islam" as one of the group's lyrics says."..... Message 23489947 Now wouldn't it be great if a majority of Persians realized that they were duped and conquered by islam.... ah just wishful thinking I guess. Introduction: the itinerary of a cultureunesdoc.unesco.org The most ancient religion of Iran, Zoroastrianism, sometimes called also Mazdaism, was founded round about 600 B.C. by Zoroaster. It is based on a dualism; the presence in the universe of two conflicting forces, Ahura Mazda, the source of goodness and light, and Ahriman, the symbol of evil. Man participates in the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Ahriman which ends with the disappearance of evil. Some interpret this religion as being monotheistic, in which Ahura Mazda acts as arbiter between ‘good’ and ‘evil’. Zoroastrianism was the official religion of the Iranian Empire for many centuries. It disappeared almost completely after the Arab invasion but it still has some tens of thousands of followers in Iran :and India (the Parsees). It is still officially recognized by Iranian constitutional law. In the third century B.C., another religion made its appearance in Iran: Mithraism, of Indo-Iranian origin, based on the worship of Mithras (the Sun). Mithras is the lord of light, love and grazing grounds. Mithras is the friend of man, whom he helps in this world and the next. He is the mediator between God and man, between light and darkness. There is a definite analogy between Mithraism and Christianity and in Rome, during the third century, there was intense competition between the two religions. Mithraism, borne by the Roman soldiers, spread from Asia Minor throughout the Roman Empire and even penetrated to northern Europe. Temples of Mithras are still to be found in Germany and England. Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, attempted to reform Zoroastrianism. Manichaeism spread to the Far East (China), Central Asia, North Africa and the Balkans and certain branches of this religion (such as Catharism) survived for a long time in Europe. Mani defined the human condition as follows: man is born of God, but, because of his ignorance, a layer of dust conceals his true personality; however he always has the ability to raise himself to higher spheres and once the dust disappears he will recover his authentic being. The world inhabited by man is constituted of two conflicting elements, ‘good’ and ‘evil’ which, in the beginning, were separate. The conversion of the Iranians to Islam (in the seventh century) marked a new phase in the history both of Iran and of Islam. The ‘Islamization’ of Iran was matched by a corresponding ‘Iranization’ of Islam and the Iranians, by adopting a special Islamic doctrine, Shiism, and by developing it, introduced Iranian civilization into the world of Islam. The Shiites differ from the Sunni (another sect of Islam) in the dispute as to who should have succeeded the Prophet. The Shiites believe that Ali was the legitimate heir and after him his descendants down to the twelfth Imam (twelfth generation). Religion in Ancient PERSIA members.tripod.com