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To: one_less who wrote (14308)	6/11/2007 4:44:41 PM
From: epicure	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 14758

there is research out there I just saw one study about how teachers and parents and other adults detect lying in children- even when there was none. Detection of course goes hand in hand with discounting. We treat a child differently if we think they are lying than if we think they are telling the truth. And while this is fairly obvious, and sometimes uppermost in our mind when we deal with children, it also happens with adults. Who hasn't been in a situation where someone tells you something you just don't believe, and you can't come right out and say "I don't believe you". Often there is no way to fact check these incidents, but you can't make yourself believe someone who isn't credible either. I wish there was an easy way to find the research. I have a book called "You're Too Kind"- about flattery- which is on the same spectrum as lying, when the flattery is insincere. It's a very interesting read. amazon.com

To: one_less who wrote (14308)	7/4/2007 7:00:42 AM
From: epicure	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 14758

I remembered we'd talked about this- didn't want you to miss this. I thought it was pretty interesting: Babies not as innocent as they pretend By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent Last Updated: 12:01am BST 01/07/2007 UK Telegraph Whether lying about raiding the biscuit tin or denying they broke a toy, all children try to mislead their parents at some time. Yet it now appears that babies learn to deceive from a far younger age than anyone previously suspected. Behavioural experts have found that infants begin to lie from as young as six months. Simple fibs help to train them for more complex deceptions in later life. Until now, psychologists had thought the developing brains were not capable of the difficult art of lying until four years old. Following studies of more than 50 children and interviews with parents, Dr Vasudevi Reddy, of the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, says she has identified seven categories of deception used between six months and three-years-old. Infants quickly learnt that using tactics such as fake crying and pretend laughing could win them attention. By eight months, more difficult deceptions became apparent, such as concealing forbidden activities or trying to distract parents' attention. By the age of two, toddlers could use far more devious techniques, such as bluffing when threatened with a punishment. Dr Reddy said: "Fake crying is one of the earliest forms of deception to emerge, and infants use it to get attention even though nothing is wrong. You can tell, as they will then pause while they wait to hear if their mother is responding, before crying again. "It demonstrates they're clearly able to distinguish that what they are doing will have an effect. This is essentially all adults do when they tell lies, except in adults it becomes more morally loaded." She added: "Later it becomes more sophisticated by saying, 'I don't care' when threatened with a punishment - when they clearly do." Dr Reddy thinks children use early fibs to discover what kinds of lie work in certain situations, and also learn the negative consequences of lying too much.