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Politics : The Environmentalist Thread -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: neolib who wrote (21020)	3/26/2008 9:08:40 PM
From: neolib	Respond to of 36917

This wiki link gives a little better explanation of the opposition Bretz faced: en.wikipedia.org The Channeled Scablands are unique geological erosion features in the U.S. state of Washington. They were created by the cataclysmic Missoula Floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and down the Columbia River Plateau during the Pleistocene epoch. Geologist J Harlen Bretz coined the term in a series of papers in the 1920s. Debate over the origin of the Scablands raged for forty years and is one of the great debates in the history of earth science. "It was the biggest flood in the world for which there is geological evidence," writes Norman Maclean in A River Runs Through It. Contents [hide] * 1 Geology * 2 See also * 3 References * 4 External links [edit] Geology River valleys formed by erosion normally have a 'V' cross section, and glaciers leave a 'U' cross section. The Channeled Scablands have a rectangular cross section and are spread over immense areas of eastern Washington. They exhibit a unique drainage pattern that appears to have an entrance in the northeast and an exit in the southwest. The eroded channels also show an anastomosing, or braided, appearance. There are also immense potholes and ripple marks, much larger than those found on ordinary rivers. When first studied, no known theories could explain the origin of these features. Bretz conducted research and published many papers during the 1920s describing the Channeled Scablands. His theories of how they were formed required short but immense water flows (500 cubic miles of water), for which Bretz had no explanation (the source of the water was never the focus of his research). Bretz's theories met with vehement opposition from geologists of the day, who tried to explain the features with uniformitarianism theories. J.T. Pardee first suggested in 1925 to Bretz that the draining of a glacial lake could account for flows of the magnitude needed. Pardee continued his research over the next 30 years, collecting and analyzing evidence that eventually identified Lake Missoula as the source of the Spokane Floods and creator of the Channeled Scablands. Research on open channel hydraulics in the 1970s put Bretz's theories on solid scientific ground. Pardee's and Bretz's theories were accepted only after decades of painstaking work and fierce scientific debate. It is worth noting that many of the most vocal critics of Bretz and Pardee never studied the Channeled Scablands with their own eyes. In 1979 Bretz received the highest medal of the Geological Society of America, the Penrose Medal, to recognize that he had developed one of the great ideas in the earth sciences.

To: neolib who wrote (21020)	3/26/2008 11:42:00 PM
From: DavesM	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 36917

re: "AFAIK, nobody is claiming that any specific fossil species from 1.9 mya is likely to be in our linage. Yet this guy speculates on a cascaded sequence of behavioral changes that he thinks drove reduced dimorphism in our actual ancestors and attributes it all to cooking? This guy is amazing!" Yes, he is amazing. That is why other scientists don't consider him a crank or his theory stupid. That is why other scientists have spent time conducting research and published peer review papers supporting aspects of his theory. And yes, he is still at Harvard, and I'm sure a prized faculty member (according to wikipedia, he has been made the House Master of one of Harvard's residential houses). His paper does address tools - he states that tools have been used since ~2.5mya (half a million years before man really walked upright, before females got bigger, before teeth got alot smaller). And since he is an expert on Chimps, he knows that chimps use tools. Oh, I think I found someone claiming that around 1.9mya there was specific fossil species in our linage. anthropology.si.edu