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To: LindyBill who wrote (5969)8/13/2008 9:00:52 PM
From: E. Charters  Respond to of 17098
 
I wouldn't doubt you were around in Paleolithic times.

Perhaps your memories have fossilized in the interval.

Stomach cancer is high in areas where marinated and salted foods are common fodder. Sodium in excess is notably absent in such primitive diets of which the Cretan diet is a close example.

"In summary, many of the components of the diet of Crete—fiber, natural antioxidants from wild plants, fruit, wine, olive oil, a low ratio of (n-6) to (n-3) ratio (consistent with the Paleolithic diet)—have been shown, when studied separately, to potentially prevent cancer initiation or metastasis, prevent angiogenesis and induce apoptosis

Such a dietary pattern has been shown to be beneficial to health because it is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The time has come for the initiation of intervention trials that will test the effect of specific dietary patterns in the prevention and management of patients with cancer."

24. de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J. L., Monjaud, I., Boucher, P. & Mamelle, N. (1998) Mediterranean dietary pattern in a randomized trial. Prolonged survival and possible reduced cancer rate. Arch. Intern. Med. 158:1181-1187

25. de Lorgeril, M. & Salen, P. (2000) Modified Cretan Mediterranean diet in the prevention of coronary heart disease and cancer. Simpoulos, A. P. Visioli, F eds. Mediterranean Diets 87:1-23 Karger Basel, Switzerland.

45. Hertog, M.G.L., Hollman, P.C.H. & Katan, M. B. (1992) Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in The Netherlands. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40:2379-2383.

59. Cowing, B. E. & Saker, K. E. (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in mammary cancer. J. Nutr. 131:1125-1128

60. Galli, C. & Butrum, R. (1991) Dietary {omega}3 fatty acids and cancer: an overview. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 66:446-461

61. Cave, W. T., Jr (1991) {omega}3 Fatty acid diet effects on tumorigenesis in experimental animals. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 66:462-476

64. Klein, V., Chajes, V., Germain, E., Schulgen, G., Pinault, M., Malvy, D., Lefranq, T., Fignon, A., Le Floch, O., L’huillery, C. & Bougnoux, P. (2000) Low alpha-linolenic acid content of adipose breast tissue is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 36:335-340.

65. Terry, P., Lichtenstein, P., Feychting, M., Ahlbom, A. & Wolk, A. (2001) Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer. Lancet 357:1764-1766

66. Kojima, M., Morisaki, T., Uchiyama, A., Doi, F., Mibu, R., Katano, M. & Tanaka, M. (2001) Association of enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 expression with possible local immunosuppression in human colorectal carcinomas. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 8:458-465

67. Chen, Z. Y. & Istfan, N. W. (2000) Docosahexaenoic acid is a potent inducer of apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 63:301-308.[Medline]

68. Diep, Q. N., Touyz, R. M. & Schiffrin, E. L. (2000) Docosahexaenoic acid, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ligand, induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells by stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Hypertension 36:851-858

69. Xi, S., Pham, H. & Ziboh, W. A. (2000) 15-Hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) suppresses epidermal hyperproliferation via the modulation of nuclear transcription factor (AP-1) and apoptosis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 292:397-403

70. Albino, A. P., Juan, G., Traganos, F., Reinhart, L., Connolly, J., Rose, D. P. & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2000) Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of melanoma cells by docosahexaenoic association with decreased pRb phosphorylation. Cancer Res 60:4139-4145

71. Connolly, J. M., Gilhooly, E. M. & Rose, D. P. (1999) Effects of reduced dietary linoleic acid intake, alone or combined with algal source of docosahexaenoic acid, on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer growth and apoptosis in nude mice. Nutr. Cancer 35:44-49

72. Calviello, G., Palozza, P., Maggiano, N., Franceschelli, P., Di Nicuolo, F., Marcocci, M. E. & Bartoli, G. M. (1999) Effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids dietary supplementation on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat colonic mucosa. Lipids 34(suppl.):S111.

73. Wigmore, S. J., Ross, J., Falconer, J. S., Plester, C. E., Tisdale, M. J., Carter, D. C. & Fearon, K. C. (1996) The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the progress of cachexia in patients with pancreatic cancer. Nutrition 12(suppl. 1):27-30.

74. Gogos, C. A., Ginopoulos, P., Salsa, B., Apostolidou, E., Zoumbos, N. C. & Kalfarentzos, F. (1998) Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus vitamin E restore immunodeficiency and prolong survival for severely ill patients with generalized malignancy: a randomized control trial. Cancer 82:395-402

75. Clark, L. C., Combs, G. F., Jr, Turnbull, B. W., Slate, E. H., Chalker, D. K., Chow, J., Davis, L. S., Glover, R. A., Graham, G. F., Gross, E. G., Krongrad, A., Lesher, J. L., Jr, Park, H. K., Sanders, B. B., Jr, Smith, C. L. & Taylor, J. R. (1996) Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin: a randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 276:1957-1963.[Abstract]

76. Yoshizawa, K., Willett, W. C., Morris, S. J., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Rimm, E. B. & Giovannucci, E. (1998) Study of prediagnostic selenium levels in toenails and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90:1219-1224.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

77. Griffin, A. C. (1982) The chemoprevention role of selenium carcinogenesis. Arnott, M. S. van Eys, J. Wang, Y.-M. eds. Molecular Interrelations of Nutrition and Cancer 1982:401-408 Raven Press New York, NY. .

82. Jang, M., Cai, L., Udeani, G. O., Slowing, K. V., Thomas, C. F., Beecher, C.W.W., Fong, H.H.S., Farnsworth, N. R., Kinghorn, A. D., Mehta, R. G., Moon, R. C. & Pezzuto, J. M. (1997) Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science (Washington DC) 275:218-220.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

83. Ciolino, H. P., Daschner, P. J. & Yeh, G. C. (1998) Resveratrol inhibits transcription of CYP1A1 in vitro by preventing activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cancer Res 58:5707-5712

84. Ragione, F. D., Cucciolla, V., Borriello, A., Pietra, V. D., Racioppi, L., Soldati, G., Hanna, C., Galletti, P & Zappia, V. (1998) Resveratrol arrests the cell division cycle at S/G2 phase transition. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 250:5-58.[Medline]

85. Fontecave, M., Lepoivre, M., Elleingand, E., Gerez, C. & Guittelet, O. (1998) Resveratrol, a remarkable inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase. FEBS Lett 421:277-279.

86. Subbaranmaiah, K., Chung, W. J., Michaluart, P., Telang, N., Tanabe, T., Inoue, H., Jang, M., Pezzuto, J. M. & Dannenberg, A. J. (1998) Resveratrol inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription and activity in phorbol ester-treated human mammary epithelial cell. J. Biol. Chem. 273:21875-21882.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

87. Sun, N. J., Woo, S. H., Cassady, J. M. & Snapka, R. M. (1998) DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibitors from Psoralea corylifolia. J. Nat. Prod. 61:362-366.

These statements and references would seem to refute the hypothesis that these diets contribute to stomach cancer.

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