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To: dylan murphy who wrote (6030)8/17/2008 11:26:24 AM
From: E. Charters  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 17107
 
The Injun ate organic. I say injun here to differentiate them from people of the Indian SC :) He was a predominant meat eater, and did not eat excessively. Also got loads of exercise. If you have ever worked around a camp you realize that breakfast takes one hour - plus chopping wood and fetching water, and night chores about 3 hours with water, meal, wood, etc.. Nobody works for less than 4 hours per day. You can't over eat as nothing keeps long and you have to gather ever day. 70% of your time is spend in gathering. I remember laughing when I was getting grubstaked for prospecting back in the 70's. Rather naive folk would ask me if I intended to hunt for game in the bush. Suggesting I could take some beans and flour and a rifle and hunt rabbits and fish for main sustenance. For one thing I pointed out, hunting would take me 4 days out of seven to survive, and there were precious few greens in the winter to make it thru. I knew I could drink cedar bark and pine needle tea to avoid scurvy but the whole thing defeated getting any useful work done. I did hunt and fish to a degree. Fishing is far more successful than ever snaring. You can get fish just about every other day in about 2 hours, but land animals are some hard to catch. Figure once ever 4 or 5 days for a bird or a few rabbits. And prep time is some intensive. They don't keep except in the winter.

It is possible to survive off the woods. It is a lean existence. A group of people has to be pretty busy to make it work. 300 people in a band need about 20 by 15 miles of good hunting area to survive. That is why Injuns almost peremptorily killed any stranger entering their area, as they threatened survival of their group. If a stranger killed one moose or buffalo in their area, 30 of their group could be without meat for a month.

Primitive man never had too much to eat. Often went for weeks without proper sustenance. This actually improves health. It is better to eat less. I remember being in a winter camp miles from the road. I was down to one meal a day, rationed for greens, meat and flour. And not much of a meal at that. Perhaps 2 strips of bacon, 1/3 a cup of whole wheat flour and a ladle of green beans or peas. Tea and that was it. For 3 months. I could have trekked to town, but I decided to tough it out. I walked 3 miles on snowshoes every day. At the end of that time I had only lost 25 lbs, but I never felt better in my life. I found my energy for walking in the woods was better and better. I could practically run the whole three miles every day. Walk for 3 miles on snowshoes in deep snow and tell me how that feels. You will get an idea of the effort involved if you only try it for 200 yards. I will bet you are puffing like a steam engine at the end of that!

What did north american primitivos actually eat? Well they ate everything. Meat and fish and eggs for sure. But wild plants for medicine and food were plentiful. Mushrooms, green plants of the forest floor, squash, maize, bark from trees, sap from maple, birch, pine, etc.. water plants, rice, lilies, berries, nuts... and all this forage had wild amounts of anti-oxidants. They dried meat in strips and smoked it for preservation. They smoked fish. I would say their wild diet was low in carbs and very high in anti-oxidants. Feed them white man's food today and they turn diabetic fast. They are made to exist on low carbs.

Some writers allege the Indian ate high sat fat diet and the wild meat is not low in sat fat as some people claim. That is true and he also ate dried ground meat that was mixed with at least 40% fat for vitamins and preservation. But he did not eat anything excessively.. and he was very active to boot.. the table below is the sat fat content of the fat in the native's food. This list is a bit prejudice as it predominantly lists the fat of the guts of the animal. Trust me, the Indians at the muscle meat of the animal at least 4 to one over the guts. Anything less would have been inordinate waste. The guts they mostly used for line (babiche for snow shows and ties) and to feed the dogs. They ate certain organs, as in giblets of chickens, but the mass of muscle to organs is a large ratio. 8 to 4 to one. Ditto muscle to fat ratio. The plains indian had to eat more of the guts of the animal as he had less access to anti-oxidants in the grasslands.

Probably sat fat to mono to poly was more or less evenly divided.

Percent of Types of Fat for the fats of American Indian Food
 	
Sat Mono poly

Antelope, kidney fat 65.04 21.25 3.91
Bison, kidney fat 34.48 52.36 4.83
Caribou, bone marrow 22.27 56.87 3.99
Deer, kidney fat 48.24 38.52 6.21
*Dog, meat, muscle 28.36 47.76 8.95
Dog, kidney 25.54 41.85 7.69
Elk, kidney 61.58 30.10 1.62
Goat, kidney 65.57 28.14 0.00
Moose, kidney 47.26 44.75 2.11
Peccary, fatty tissues 38.47 46.52 9.7
Reindeer, caribou,
fatty tissues 50.75 38.94 1.25
Seal (Harbor), blubber 11.91 61.41 13.85
Seal (Harbor), depot fat 14.51 54.23 16.84
Seal (harp), blubber 19.16 42.22 15.04
Seal (harp), meat 10.69 54.21 23.51
Sheep (mountain),
kidney fat 47.96 41.37 2.87
Sheep (white faced),
kidney fat 51.58 39.90 1.16
Sheep, intestine,
roasted 47.01 40.30 7.46
Snake, meat 26.36 44.54 0.09
Squirrel (brown),
adipose 17.44 47.55 28.6
Squirrel (white),
adipose 12.27 51.48 32.3


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The Indians also ate nixtamilized corn, (lime water soaked to bring out B3), corn flour and he cultivated corn, beans pumpkin, squash, and tubers.



To: dylan murphy who wrote (6030)8/17/2008 12:13:07 PM
From: E. Charters  Respond to of 17107
 
Indian dishes. yummy...

* Corn bread
* Nokake, Algonquin hoecakes
* Fry bread is a dish made from ingredients distributed to Native Americans living on reservations.
* Bean bread, made with corn meal and beans; popular among the Cherokee
* Black drink, or asi, a Southeastern ceremonial drink made from the Yaupon Holly
* Succotash, a trio of lima beans, tomatoes and corn
* Pemmican, a concentrated food consisting of dried pulverized meat, dried berries, and rendered fat
* Psindamoakan, a Lenape hunter's food made of parched cornmeal mixed with maple sugar
* Bird brain stew, from the Cree tribe
* Buffalo stew, from the Lakota also called Tanka-me-a-lo
* Acorn mush, from the Miwok people
* Wojape, a Plains Indian pudding of mashed, cooked berries
* Dry meats Jerky, smoked Salmon strips
* Piki bread Hopi
* Green chili stew
* Mutton stew Navajo
* Pueblo bread
* Walrus Flipper Soup, Eskimo dish made from walrus flippers.
* Stink Fish, Eskimo dish, of dried fish, underground, until nice & ripe then eaten for later consumption, also done with fish heads.
* Salted Salmon Eskimo dish, brined salmon in a heavy concentration of salt water left for months to soak up salts.
* Akutaq, also called "Eskimo Ice Cream", made from caribou or moose tallow and meat, berries, seal oil, and sometimes fish, whipped together with snow or water.

The indians called corn, beans and squash the three sisters.

Carib food:

* Barbacoa, the origin of the English word barbeque, a method of slow-grilling meat over a fire pit
* Jerk, a style of cooking meat that originated with the Taíno of Jamaica. Meat was applied with a dry rub of allspice, Scotch bonnet pepper, and perhaps additional spices, before being smoked over fire or wood charcoal.
* Casabe, a flatbread made from yuca root widespread in the Pre-Columbian Caribbean and Amazonia.

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Mexican:

* Tacos
* Tamales
* Tlacoyos (gordita)
* Pozole
* Mole
* Guacamole
* Salsa
* Mezcal
* Tortillas
* Champurrado, a chocolate drink
* Xocolatl
* Pejelagarto, a fish with an alligator-like head seasoned with the amashito chile and lime
* Pulque
* Chili
* Pupusas, thick cornmeal flatbread from the Pipil culture of El Salvador
* Alegría, a candy made from puffed amaranth and boiled-down honey or maguey sap, in ancient times formed into the shapes of Aztec gods
* Balché, Mayan fermented honey drink

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Inca-Queychua - South america

* Grilled guinea pig, a native to most of the Andes region this small rodent has been culivated for at least 4000 years
* Fried green tomatoes, a nightshade relative native to Peru
* Saraiaka or Chicha, a corn liquor
* Quinoa Porridge
* Ch'arki, a type of dried meat
* Humitas, similar to modern-day Tamales, a thick mixture of corn, herbs and onion, cooked in a corn-leaf wrapping. The name is modern, meaning bow-tie, because of the shape in which it's wrapped.
* Pachamanca, stew cooked in a hautía oven
* Pataska, spicy stew made from boiled maize, potatoes, and dried meat.
* Ceviche, marinated in acidic tumbo juice in Pre-Columbian times
* Cancha, fried golden hominy
* Llajua, salsa of Bolivia
* Llapingachos, mashed-potato cakes from Ecuador

* Arepa, a maize-based bread originating from the indigenous peoples of Colombia and Venezuela
* Cauim, a fermented beverage based on maize or manioc broken down by the enzymes of human saliva, traditional to the Tupinambá and other indigenous peoples of Brazil
* Curanto, a Chilean stew cooked in an earthen oven originally from the Chono people of Chiloé Island
* Merken, a ají powder from the Mapuche of Patagonia
* Yerba mate, a tea made from the holly of the same name, derived from Guarani

******************************************



To: dylan murphy who wrote (6030)8/17/2008 12:18:55 PM
From: E. Charters  Respond to of 17107
 
Non animal North American traditional foods (from Wiki) Obviously no shortage of veggies and anti-oxidants. You can eat the fiddlehead, but not the fern. I added that. Honey was not native to North America.

* Acorn - Used to make flour and fertilizers for the plants.
* Achiote or annatto seed, seasoning
* Acuyo, seasoning
* Agarita - berries
* Agave nectar
* Allspice or pimento, seasoning
* Amaranth
* Amole - stalks
* Aspen - inner bark and sap (both used as sweetener)
* Avocado
* Beans - Throughout the Americas
* Bear grass - stalks
* Birch bark
* Birch syrup
* Blackberries
* Blueberries
* Box elder - inner bark (used as sweetener)
* Cacao
* Cactus (various species) - fruits
* Canella winterana, or white cinnamon (used as a seasoning before cinnamon)
* Cashew
* Cassava - Primarily South America
* Cattails - rootstocks
* Century plant (a.k.a. mescal or agave) - crowns (tuberous base portion) and shoots
* Chicle, gum
* Chile peppers (including bell peppers)
* Cherimoya
* Chokecherries
* Cholla - fruits
* Coca - South and Central America
* Cranberries
* Culantro, used as a seasoning before cilantro
* Currants
* Custard-apple
* Datil - fruit and flowers
* Devil's claw
* Dropseed grasses (various varieties) - seeds
* Elderberries
* Emory oak - acorns
* Epazote, seasoning
** fiddlehead fern
* Goldenberry
* Gooseberries
* Guarana
* Guava
* Hackberries
* Hawthorne - fruit
* Herba luisa
* Hueinacaztli or "ear-flower"
* Hickory - nuts
* Hops
* Horsemint
* Huazontle
* Jicama
* Juniper berries
* Kiwacha
* Lamb's-quarters - leaves and seeds
* Locust - blossoms and pods
* Lúcuma
* Maca
* Maize - Throughout the Americas, probably domesticated in or near Mexico
* Mamey
* Maple syrup and sugar, used as the primary sweetener and seasoning in Northern America
* Mesquite - bean pods, flour/meal
* Mint
* Mexican oregano
* Mulberries
* Nopales
* Onions
* Palmetto
* Papaya
* Passionfruit
* Paw paw
* Peanuts

Mexican food was largely chocolate, maize, tomato, vanilla, avocado, papaya, pineapple, chile pepper, beans, squash, sweet potato, peanut and turkey.

*********************************



To: dylan murphy who wrote (6030)8/17/2008 12:20:28 PM
From: E. Charters  Respond to of 17107
 
Wild food people. Canadian influence.

wildfoods.ca



To: dylan murphy who wrote (6030)8/17/2008 12:52:54 PM
From: E. Charters  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 17107
 
Coca leaf is the Erythroxylum coca plant. This makes cocaine alkaloids similar to novocaine. A good local anaesthetic. Coca Cola contained very small amounts of this until 1929.

Cacao trees produce the Cocoa bean (notice the different spelling - it appears to be interchangeable, the former more applying to the plant often.) which produces chocolate. This plant is Theobroma cacao. The bean contains magnesium, copper, iron, phosphorus, calcium, anand-amide, phenylethylamine, arginine, polyphenols, epicatechins, serotonin, potassium, procyanidins, flavanols, vitamins A, B, C, D, and E. It is a good source of anti-oxidants.



Cocoa pods.

Health benefits from Wiki:

Chocolate and cocoa contain a high level of flavonoids, specifically epicatechin, which may have beneficial cardiovascular effects on health. The ingestion of flavonol-rich cocoa is associated with acute elevation of circulating nitric oxide, enhanced flow-mediated vasodilation, and augmented microcirculation.

Prolonged intake of flavonol-rich cocoa has been linked to cardiovascular health benefits,though it should be noted that this refers to plain cocoa and dark chocolate. Milk chocolate's addition of whole milk reduces the overall cocoa content per ounce while increasing saturated fat levels, possibly negating some of cocoa's heart-healthy potential benefits. Nevertheless, studies have still found short term benefits in LDL cholesterol levels from dark chocolate consumption.

Hollenberg and colleagues of Harvard Medical School studied the effects of cocoa and flavanols on Panama's Kuna Indian population, who are heavy consumers of cocoa. The researchers found that the Kuna Indians living on the islands had significantly lower rates of heart disease and cancer compared to those on the mainland who do not drink cocoa as on the islands. It is believed that the improved blood flow after consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa may help to achieve health benefits in hearts and other organs. In particular, the benefits may extend to the brain and have important implications for learning and memory.

Foods rich in cocoa appear to reduce blood pressure but drinking green and black tea may not, according to an analysis of previously published research in the April 9, 2007 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

Chocolate is midly addictive due to the theobromine and caffiene, but this has never been proven harmful to health.

Chocolate should be eaten dark without milk or sugar as these cancel the anti-oxidant effects. Add stevia for sweetness.

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Carob is often compared to chocolate but is different flavour and goes better with fruit.

It is Ceratonia siliqua. It produces seed pods and leaves. It is a mild sweetener with anti-oxidant properties. It is rich in tannins. It is high in fibre and can treat diarrhea. Protein content is low. 5 grams to the cup. Calories 230 to the cup. Contains calcium, potassium and B2.

It may be beneficial in preventing colon cancer.

Carob will reduce LDL rather quickly. nutraingredients-usa.com