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To: dylan murphy who wrote (6094)	8/24/2008 9:45:32 AM
From: E. Charters	Respond to of 17109

They used the Pleiades to guide planting. 75% of NE and coastal Indian diet was from forest agriculture. Huron and Algonquin (Cherokee) culture were predominantly settled and corn fed. Mohawk was a supposed trade and hunter gatheror culture. All cultures participated in far flung implement and seed trade down the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri River systems and others. The Indians had cleared fields. He grew corn in the fields and every 3 years let it lie fallow. After a few years they let the field go to woods. After 30 years they might plant again. Vines were grown among the trees, for climbers. Rhizome fields appeared tended. Of course the Peublo, Maya, Toltec, Tupac Gurani and Queychua of SA had highly systematized, terrace agriculture with irrigation, and 30 or so domesticated plants. Other SW US tribes had fairly advanced agriculture dependent on corn, beans and pumpkin/squash. Indians did fertilize with fish. They used dried fish, which is much more productive of nitrogen and phosphorous, lighter to carry and does not attract pests, requiring 1/4 the labour of the colonists who quickly abandoned rotting fish fertilizer as too arduous and not productive of better yields. ( a meager 20 bushels per acre.) The Indian burnt the field first so the ashes contributed to calcium and nitrogen as well. Observation states that he did not attempt to plant with ashes per se, seemingly not associating the ash with its efficacy as fertilizer. But the practice of burning was common as well for forest-area animal and plant regeneration as well as tick reduction for the native. The Indian probably did not go overboard on fertilizer, using it more to extend field life, rather than increase yield per se.