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Strategies & Market Trends : John Pitera's Market Laboratory -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: John Pitera who wrote (10142)10/2/2008 7:45:10 PM
From: John Pitera  Respond to of 33421
 
Fed Loans to Banks, Dealers, AIG Soar to $410 Billion (Update2)

By Scott Lanman

Oct. 2 (Bloomberg) -- Commercial banks and bond dealers borrowed $348.2 billion from the Federal Reserve as of yesterday, an increase of 60 percent from the prior week amid a worsening credit freeze.

Loans to commercial banks through the traditional discount window rose about $10 billion to $49.5 billion as of yesterday, the Fed said in a weekly report today. The total surpassed the previous record after the 2001 terrorist attacks.

Borrowing by securities firms totaled $146.6 billion, up from $105.7 billion. Under a new emergency program announced Sept. 19, banks borrowed $152.1 billion as of yesterday to buy commercial paper from money-market mutual funds, more than double a week ago.

The report reflects the Fed's expansion of credit and emergency-lending programs to halt a yearlong credit crisis that pushed interest rates on three-month dollar loans today to a nine-month high as short-term corporate borrowing fell by the most ever.

,``The financial system is on a lifeline,'' said Tony Crescenzi, chief bond market strategist at Miller Tabak & Co. in New York. ``The Fed will have to maintain this expansion of its balance sheet for quite some time.''

A provision in the $700 billion financial-rescue legislation being considered by Congress would let the Fed pay interest on bank reserves it holds, making it easier for the central bank to manage short-term interest rates while pumping funds into the banking system.

Government Stake

AIG, the largest U.S. insurer, drew down $61.2 billion on its $85 billion credit line from the Fed, up from $44.6 billion as of Sept. 24, the central bank said. The Fed agreed Sept. 16 to rescue AIG with the loan in return for an 80 percent stake for the U.S. government.

As of last week, the Fed combined lending through the Primary Dealer Credit Facility, which serves 18 securities firms, and began in March with new programs special to three of them: Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch & Co.

On Sept. 21, the Fed allowed the U.S. broker-dealer units of Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Merrill to pledge a broader range of collateral and have their London broker-dealer units borrow. The action coincided with the Fed's agreement to let Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley convert to commercial banks, putting the two remaining major investment banks under stricter regulation and giving them access to more-favorable Fed loans.

Merrill agreed Sept. 15 to be bought by Bank of America Corp., while the Fed allowed Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. to fail the same day.

Daily Lending

Average daily lending to bond dealers in the seven days through yesterday rose $59.5 billion to $147.7 billion, the Fed said.

The Fed separately has lent $149 billion to commercial banks through the Term Auction Facility, an emergency program begun in December. The program will be expanded to $450 billion, the Fed said this week.

The central bank said on Sept. 14 it will accept equities as collateral from securities firms under the PDCF. Citigroup Inc. and nine other large banks said they would use the program starting that week as they created a $70 billion lending program.

Today's report, providing statistics as of Oct. 1, doesn't identify borrowers.

The report reflects part of the Treasury Department's plan, begun last month, to sell government securities to expand the Fed's balance sheet. The sales added a daily average of $266.1 billion of Treasuries to the Fed's coffers in the past week.

Credit Crisis

Fed holdings of U.S. Treasury securities rose $55 million to a daily average of $476.6 billion in the past week. The central bank had about $791 billion of Treasuries at the start of the credit crisis in August 2007.

Last month, the Fed said it would extend emergency loans to banks to purchase asset-backed commercial paper from money funds after a record exodus of investors from the mutual funds, long considered to be among the safest investments. Average loans in the past week totaled $122.1 billion a day.

Prime money-market funds held about $230 billion in asset- backed commercial paper that banks could buy with Fed funds, senior Fed staff officials said last month.

The subprime-mortgage collapse has led to $588 billion of writedowns and losses at major financial institutions since the start of 2007.

The three-month London Interbank Offered Rate in dollars was 4.21 percent today, a nine-month high. Commercial banks can take out up to 90-day loans from the Fed at 2.25 percent. Primary dealers pay the same rate for overnight loans. The AIG loan accrues interest at three-month Libor plus 8.5 percentage points.

Half-Point Cut

In 2001, the discount rate was a half-point below the Fed's benchmark federal funds rate. In 2003, the Fed reset the discount rate at 1 percentage point above federal funds. The Fed reduced the spread to a half point in August 2007 and to a quarter point in March 2008. Traders expect a half-point cut in the federal funds rate this month, to 1.5 percent.

In March, the Fed agreed to loan $29 billion against a pool of securities to facilitate Bear Stearns Cos.'s sale to JPMorgan Chase & Co., taking the portfolio onto the central bank's balance sheet. The Fed expects the latest quarterly revaluation of the portfolio to be in the Oct. 23 release of the Fed's balance sheet, New York Fed spokesman Andrew Williams said.

The Fed also reported that the M2 money supply rose by $165.5 billion in the week ended Sept. 22. That left M2 growing at an annual rate of 5.8 percent for the past 52 weeks, above the target of 5 percent the Fed once set for maximum growth. The Fed no longer has a formal target.

The Fed reports two measures of the money supply each week. M1 includes all currency held by consumers and companies for spending, money held in checking accounts and travelers checks. M2, the more widely followed, adds savings and private holdings in money market mutual funds.

During the latest reporting week, M1 rose by $60.9 billion. Over the past 52 weeks, M1 increased 2.6 percent. The Fed no longer publishes figures for M3.

To contact the reporter on this story: Scott Lanman in Washington at slanman@bloomberg.net

Last Updated: October 2, 2008 17:48 EDT



To: John Pitera who wrote (10142)10/2/2008 7:49:57 PM
From: John Pitera  Respond to of 33421
 
Zurichers Say UBS `Won't Go Bankrupt' Like Swissair (Update3)

By Christian Baumgaertel and Antonio Ligi

Oct. 2 (Bloomberg) -- Hartmuth Wetzel stood in front of UBS AG's headquarters in Zurich, watching a flat-panel screen through a window for signs of a rebound in the Swiss bank's shares.

,b>``UBS won't go bankrupt,'' said the 65-year-old industry consultant, who was debating the financial crisis in a crowd of mostly middle-aged men nervous about the fate of Switzerland's largest bank. Wetzel said the stock had already fallen too much for him to sell it, and besides, he has his cash in the bank. ``That's my hope.''

Writedowns of $44 billion, the most by any European lender, helped cut 70 percent off UBS's market value from last year's peak and eroded confidence in the country's third-largest private employer, which traces its roots back more than 150 years. UBS, which says the three keys in its corporate logo signify confidence, security and discretion, this year reported the first outflows of client assets in almost eight years, driven by Swiss customers.

Chairman Peter Kurer, 59, told investors today that the company will post its first profit in more than a year in the third quarter after reducing holdings of mortgage-related securities, sending shares up 8.1 percent. UBS has had to raise $27.4 billion from investors, more than a third of it from the Government of Singapore Investment Corp., to replenish capital.

``For the Swiss, it was a shock to see how much UBS has suffered,'' said Manuel Ammann, a professor of banking at the Swiss Institute for Banking and Finance in St. Gallen. ``If there were to be a grounding of UBS, which I don't see, it would be worse than Swissair.''

`Difficult Times'

The failure of Switzerland's national carrier in 2001 was a traumatic event in a country that prizes itself on efficiency. The story of what led to the airline's collapse has since become the subject of a popular movie.

``These are difficult times, this was a difficult quarter,'' Kurer said in an interview today. ``Some of our clients are nervous, but overall, our clients believe we are a good and rock- solid bank, by-and-large our clients remain with us.''

Under former Chairman Marcel Ospel, UBS pushed into investment banking, increasing its total assets to 2.27 trillion Swiss francs ($2 trillion) at the end of last year, more than four times the size of the Swiss economy. The bank expanded its subprime exposure at the height of the U.S. housing market, leading to the writedowns. Former CEO Peter Wuffli was ousted last year, and Ospel resigned in April.

`Everybody Is Panicking'

Kurer said today UBS will further curtail risk-taking and he forecast that 2009 will be a profitable year. UBS, which set a target of cutting the investment bank's balance sheet to 1.75 trillion francs by the end of the year, reached that goal ahead of schedule and plans to bring down assets by even more, he said.

``There has been too much speculation by the banks,'' said Andreas Bai, 56, a tram driver eating a bratwurst in front of UBS's headquarters on Bahnhofstrasse. ``Now everybody is panicking,'' he said, adding that he sold his shares in UBS a couple of years ago.

UBS plans to eliminate about 1,900 jobs in investment banking, equities and fixed income, two people with knowledge of the matter said earlier this week, adding to 7,000 reductions already announced.

While Kurer didn't give any figures, he said the bank plans to ``aggressively'' reduce costs and the potential for losses. Writedowns in the third quarter will be limited by the fact that the bank has reduced risks already. After two capital increases, UBS is ``well positioned to weather the storms,'' he said.

``No, UBS won't go bankrupt, Singapore is still there,'' said Peter Lampart, a 58-year-old mailman who had stopped his yellow motorbike in front of UBS to look at the share prices. ``Certain gentlemen were a bit greedy, but they haven't forgotten banking.''

To contact the reporter on this story: Christian Baumgaertel in Zurich at cbaumgaertel@bloomberg.net.

Last Updated: October 2, 2008 12:55 EDT



To: John Pitera who wrote (10142)10/2/2008 8:14:53 PM
From: Cactus Jack  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 33421
 
John,

Despite my bias against government intervention here, I still have two basic questions:

1. Will a $700 billion revolving credit line that is proposed in the bailout legislation do any actual good for the country?
2. How much is this ultimately likely to cost, when all is said and done? Given the revolving credit line and the amount of debt in play, we may be talking trillions. Can that really be a good think under any scenario?

Your responses are much appreciated.

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