To: TobagoJack who wrote (63635 ) 5/15/2010 4:15:09 AM From: energyplay Respond to of 217532 The four phase cycle is a reasonable first approximation... However, if we look at real economic activity there are at least two and maybe 3 additional parts to the cycle. The most important one: You can stay in the middle, near average or a little under long term growth rates for long time. The US in the late 1960s, part of the 1970s, and about 1989 to 1994. Often these near flat periods have considerable investment in technology, that has not yet got to critical mass to achieve returns, or the entry of large numbers of people into the workforce (baby boomers, women). The real economics change in these periods. But because of additional resources, productivity, people, etc. it is very difficult to get increasing or even constant ROI for many investments, so there is no boom for several years. The second one is economic activity can be stuck at the bottom for a long time before it heads up again. See Japan, and many other places. Many places saddled with heavy debt stay down until the debt is near to being worked off. The third and rarest category occurs when there is a moderate boom, and the stupidity / malinvestment is limited by fear that does not go away, so rare external forces, or luck. One example of the luck factor : in the late 1990s, banks around the world made about 400 Billion of investments in telecom, creating a massive glut capacity, especially in fiber optics. This later resulted in the crash of Global Crossing, among others. The banks were bailed out by rapidly increasing internet use, and got almost all of their money back, with some interest. Of course, this money then was used invest in sub-prime.... So the big cycle reasserts itself, but prosperity can rarely have a longer than expected lifetimes. Governments often try to keep boom from getting out of hand by taking away the punchbowl. While they are taking the punch bowl (formal local currency money supply) out the front door, people are wheeling in kegs through the back door (hot foreign money, ETF funds, financial innovations, etc.)