To: Jacques Chitte who wrote (11660 ) 12/30/2010 11:07:59 AM From: Solon Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 69300 DNA Sequencing is really helping scientists to unravel our past. Great stuff happening...New Type of Ancient Human Found in Siberia Dec 28, 2010 Jenny Ashford Fossils of Denisovans suggest a subgroup unlike modern humans or Neanderthals.There can be little doubt that modern humans had their origins in Africa around 5–7 million years ago, and that they slowly populated the earth through a series of migrations. But it is at that point where the story becomes complicated. While it's fairly certain that the ancestors of modern humans left Africa somewhere around 75,000 years ago, roughly 275,000 years before that, an earlier group of ancestral humans left the continent and diverged. The group that reached Europe eventually became the Neanderthals that modern humans encountered (and eventually displaced) many millennia later. But new fossil evidence has scientists speculating that another group may have traveled to Asia and evolved into a different human subgroup that have been dubbed the Denisovans. Fossils in Siberia In 2008, researchers working in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia unearthed a fossil finger bone, apparently from a young girl, and a molar from a separate individual. Also found in the cave were stone tools, predominantly blades, and polished stone baubles that were probably jewelry. The molar was the first clue that something unexpected had been discovered — it looked very different from the teeth of either modern humans or Neanderthals, bearing more of a resemblance to older human ancestors such as Homo habilis or H. erectus.DNA Points to New Type of Human When the DNA from the finger bone and molar was sequenced, researchers' suspicions were confirmed. Though the DNA showed a common origin with Neanderthals, it also showed that the possessors of the DNA were genetically distinct from other types of humans known to be alive at the time. This led the researchers to conclude that this new subgroup — named Denisovans in honor of the Siberian cave where the remains were found — had branched off from the ancestral human group that left Africa during the first migration.Denisovans Related to Modern Melanesians Interestingly, about 5% of the Denisovan DNA is present in some populations of modern humans living in Melanesia. Obviously, this implies that the Denisovans interbred with modern humans to some extent after later migrations brought H. sapiens into contact with them. Recent evidence points to modern human interbreeding with Neanderthals as well. It also suggests that the Denisovans may have been fairly widespread in southern Asia during the late Stone Age, for their genetic material to still be present in modern populations.Since interbreeding likely took place, researchers still provisionally classify the Denisovans as humans, just as Neanderthals are, though there is a great deal of debate as to whether these two branches of the ancestral family tree should be considered new species or simply subspecies of modern humans. The saga of human evolution becomes ever more complex with each new find, and scientists are confident that DNA sequencing will be invaluable in helping to sort out the history of the species.suite101.com