To: THE ANT who wrote (70531 ) 2/21/2011 12:34:50 AM From: elmatador 1 Recommendation Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 217749 Bilingualism delays dementia, say experts By Clive Cookson in Washington Published: February 19 2011 02:20 | Last updated: February 19 2011 02:20 New studies have demolished the old myth that growing up bilingual is a mild cognitive handicap. On the contrary, recent research shows that children who speak two languages benefit from the extra mental exercise – and that in old age bilingualism protects the brain against dementia. The American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in Washington heard that bilingual speakers tend to outperform monolinguals in certain mental abilities, such as editing out irrelevant information and focusing on what is important. “There is a set of cognitive processes known as the executive control system, which is the most important part of your mind,” said Ellen Bialystok, psychology professor at York University, Toronto. “In a large programme of research we have been able to show that this executive control system is enhanced in people who are actively bilingual.” Judith Kroll, psychology professor at the University of Maryland, said the findings contradicted previous ideas that bilingualism somehow hindered cognitive development. “The received wisdom was that bilingualism created confusion, especially in children,” she said. “The belief was that people who could speak two or more languages had difficulty using either.” In fact, exactly the opposite is true. Researchers attribute these enhanced multi-tasking skills to the way bilinguals negotiate mentally between the languages – “mental juggling”, as Prof Kroll put it. Janet Werker, psychology professor at the University of British Columbia, studies babies from birth to toddlerhood, comparing the way they learn and react to languages in monolingual and bilingual households. She said infants thrived mentally, learning two languages at the same time from birth. They never confused the two. “These findings provide even stronger evidence that human infants are equally prepared to grow up bilingual as they are monolingual,” said Prof Werker. “The task of language separation is something they are prepared to do from birth.” But the most striking evidence of the benefits of bilingualism came at the other end of life. Prof Bialystok said her study of 450 Canadian Alzheimer’s patients – half monolingual and half bilingual – proved that speaking two languages through life had a “dramatic” protective effect against dementia. In patients who were matched for cognitive level, education, job history and immigration background, bilingualism delayed the onset of Alzheimer’s symptoms by four to five years on average. “It seems to be adding to people’s ‘cognitive reserve’, like other social, mental and physical activities that give some protection against dementia in older people who maintain an active lifestyle,” said Prof Bialystok. .