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To: shane forbes who wrote (7827)	11/16/1997 11:11:00 PM
From: Bernard Levy	Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 25814

Hi Gary and Shane: GSM is the standard in Europe. It is based on TDMA (time division multiple access)- essentially different users within a cell use different time slots. CDMA stands for code division multiple access. It is a spread spectrum system, where different users share the entire bandwidth, and a signature is use to separate users. GSM is the standard in Europe, and among digital wireless systems, is the dominant system in the USA. In California, Airtouch uses CDMA, but PacBell uses TDMA. The big gains of CDMA have been primarily in Asia. Although it is often claimed that CDMA has a capacity advantage of about 3 over TDMA, this advantage has never been demonstrated in practice, so that if CDMA has an advantage over TDMA, it is rather small. Both TDMA and CDMA have a huge capacity advantage over analog cellular systems. The bottom line is that CDMA is an up and coming system, but the probability that it will displace TDMA is exactly zero. My guess is that both systems will probably coexist, with GSM remaining slightly dominant. I would guess that you are probably talking about chips that can handle both standards (TDMA and CDMA). Best regards, Bernard Levy