To: Les H who wrote (40471 ) 9/16/2011 11:51:08 AM From: Les H 2 Recommendations Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 119360 Ford's arithmetic The 2008 crisis started as a debt crisis, then hit the financial sector and finally spread to the real economy. The next downturn, if it comes, will also start as a debt crisis but it will hit entire states rather than private borrowers and banks. Some economists believe that the fundamental reasons of the past and the impending crisis lie not in the financial sector. Boris Kagarlitsky, director of the Institute of Globalization and Social Movements, considers the imbalance between consumption and production as one of the main economic problems of the last few decades. In his time, Henry Ford increased his workers' wages so that they could save money to buy the cars they built. The wise industrialist devised what Kagarlitsky called "a model of expensive labor" that gained traction after WWII but was gradually renounced in the 1980s when advanced countries opted for cheap labor. Industrial production shifted from Europe and the United States to regions with cheap labor, primarily South East Asia, and cheap labor was imported en masse to fill low-paid jobs. As a result, workers could no longer save enough to buy cars, but mass production cannot exist without mass consumption and, moreover, production begins to generate demand itself. Consumer lending has become a major toll for encouraging demand in the last few decades. Thus, the imbalance between production and consumption was aggravated by the debt problem that triggered the crisis in 2008. The debt crisis grew into a financial crisis, but the governments of industrialized countries were unwilling to risk the bankruptcy of financial corporations and preferred to bail them out with public money. Yevgeny Gavrilenkov, managing director of the Troika Dialogue group, said that now the debt problem has moved from the private to the public sector and that this is particularly pronounced in European countries. They are trying to resolve the national debt problem by raising private capital through public property privatization while at the same time cutting government spending and increasing taxes. This creates a risk of recession because a decline in the incomes of the population will reduce demand, the main driver of industrial production. The circle has been closed. en.ria.ru