To: HPilot who wrote (63875 ) 1/10/2012 3:01:14 PM From: longnshort 1 Recommendation Read Replies (3) | Respond to Position of modern scholarship (indigenous origin) Population history of Egypt population biology has been to consider whether or not the Ancient Egyptians were primarily biologically African rather than to which race they belonged. [110] Neolithic farmers from the Near East entered the Nile Valley, bringing with them their food crops, sheep, goats and cattle. [111] [112] Fekri Hassan and Edwin et al. point to mutual influence from both inner Africa as well as the Levant. [113] Merimde culture flourished in the northern part of Egypt ( Lower Egypt ). [114] This culture, among others, has links to the Levant . [115] The pottery of the later Buto Maadi culture, best known from the site at Maadi near Cairo, also shows connections to the southern Levant . [116] In the southern part of Egypt ( Upper Egypt ) the predynastic Badarian culture was followed by the Naqada culture . These people seem to be more closely related to the Nubians and East Africans than with northern Egyptians. [117] [118] Canaanites , the Libyans , the Nubians , the Assyrians , the Kushites , the Persians , the Greeks , the Macedonians , the Romans , the Arabs and the Ottoman Turks .UNESCO Cairo in 1974. At that forum the "Black Egyptian" theory was rejected by 90% of delegates, [105] [106] and the symposium concluded that Ancient Egyptians were much the same as modern Egyptians.Martin Bernal produced the work “ Black Athena : The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization”, in which he argued inter alia that the society of Ancient Greece was heavily influenced by Ancient Egypt, and that the roots of Ancient Greece were thus “black”. The claims made in Black Athena were heavily questioned by Mary Lefkowitz , Professor Emerita of Classical Studies at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, in her book Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History. The criticisms were further developed inter alia in Black Athena Revisited (1996), a collection of essays edited by Mary Lefkowitz , and her colleague Guy MacLean Rogers. [119] [120] Other vocal critics include Egyptologist John D. Ray [121] , and Egyptologist James Weinstein [122] . In 2001 Bernal published "Black Athena Writes Back: Martin Bernal Responds to Critics" as a response to criticism of his earlier works.Indianapolis Museum of Art published a collection of essays, which included contributions from leading experts in various fields including archaeology , art history , physical anthropology , African studies , Egyptology , Afrocentric studies, linguistics , and classical studies . While the contributors differed in some opinions, the consensus of the authors was that Ancient Egypt was an African civilization, based on Egypt's geographic location on the African continent. [123]
