To: Grainne who wrote (13859 ) 11/25/1997 11:14:00 PM From: JF Quinnelly Respond to of 108807
several posters had said basically that if I didn't like the second amendment, why not try to repeal it? Well, why try to repeal it if it is not about individual gun ownership? "All government represents a balance between individual freedom and social order, and it is not true that every alteration of that balance in the direction of greater individual freedom is necessarily good. But in any case, the record of history refutes the proposition that the evolving Constitution will invariably enlarge individual rights. The most obvious refutation is the modern Court's limitation of the constitutional protections afforded to property. The provision prohibiting impairment of the obligation of contracts, for example, has been gutted. I am sure that We the People agree with that development; we value property rights less than the Founders did. So also, we value the right to bear arms less than did the Founders (who thought the right to self-defense to be absolutely fundamental) and there will be few tears shed if and when the Second Amendment is held to guarantee nothing more than the state National Guard. But this just shows that the Founders were right when they feared that some (in their view misguided) future generation might wish to abandon liberties that they considered essential, and so sought to protect those liberties in a Bill of Rights. We may like the abridgement of property rights and like the elimination of the right to bear arms; but let us not pretend that these are not reductions of rights ." "Professor Tribe regards the Second Amendment's prologue ("A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State") as a textual obstacle to my interpretation of the Second Amendment as a guarantee that the federal government will not interfere with the individual's right to bear arms for self-defense. This reading of the text has several flaws: It assumes that "Militia" refers to "a select group of citizen-soldiers," Joyce Lee Malcolm, To Keep and Bear Arms 136 (1994), rather than, as the Virginia Bill of Rights of June 1776 defined it, "the body of the people, trained to arms", see id at 148. (This was also the conception of "militia" entertained by James Madison, who, in arguing that it would provide a ready defense of liberty against the standing army that the proposed Constitution allowed, described the militia as "amounting to near half a million of citizens with arms in their hands." The Federalist No. 46 at 322 (Jacob E Cooke ed. 1961) The latter meaning makes the prologue of the Second Amendment commensurate with the categorical guarantee that follows ("the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed"); the former produces a guarantee that goes far beyond its stated purpose -- rather like saying "police officers being necessary to law and order, the right of the people to carry handguns shall not be infringed." It would also be strange to find in the midst of a catalog of the rights of individuals a provision securing to the States the right to maintain a designated "Militia". Dispassionate scholarship suggests quite strongly that the right of the people to keep and bear arms meant just that. In addition to the excellent study by Ms. Malcolm (who is not a member of the Michigan Militia, but an Englishwoman), see Willaim Van Alstyn The Second Amendment and the Personal Right to Bear Arms , 43 Duke LJ 1236 (1994). It is very likely that modern Americans no longer look contemptuously, as Madison did, upon the governments of Europe that "are afraid to trust the people with arms," The Federalist No 46; and the traveling Constitution that Professor Tribe espouses will probably give the effect to that new sentiment by effectively eliminating the Second Amendment. But there is no need to deceive ourselves as to what the original Second Amendment said and meant. Of course, properly understood, it is no limitation upon arms control by the states."A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law , Antonin Scalia, Princeton University Press, 1997 Antonin Scalia has been an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court since 1986. Prior to that time he served on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.