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Politics : Liberalism: Do You Agree We've Had Enough of It? -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: lorne who wrote (136644)

7/2/2012 4:34:31 PM

From: chartseer

Respond to of 224756

Tax

Taxation

An aspect of fiscal policy

Policies [show]
Government revenue
Tax revenue · Non-tax revenue
Tax law · Tax bracket · Tax threshold
Exemption · Credit · Deduction
Tax shift · Tax cut · Tax holiday
Tax advantage · Tax incentive
Tax reform · Tax harmonization
Tax competition · Double taxation
Representation · Unions
Medical savings account
Tax, tariff and trade

Economics [show]
Price effect · Excess burden
Tax incidence
Laffer curve · Optimal tax

Collection [show]
Revenue service · Revenue stamp
Tax assessment · Taxable income
Tax lien · Tax refund · Tax shield
Tax residence · Tax preparation
Tax investigation · Tax shelter
Private tax collection · Tax farming

Noncompliance [show]
Tax avoidance · Tax evasion
Tax resistance · Tax haven
Smuggling · Black market
Unreported employment

Distribution [show]
Tax rate
Progressive · Regressive
Proportional

Types [show]
Direct · Indirect · Per unit · Ad valorem · In rem
Capital gains · Consumption
Dividend · Excise · Georgist
Gift · Gross receipts · Income
Inheritance (estate) · Land value
Payroll · Pigovian · Property
Sales · Sin · Stamp · Turnover
Value-added (VAT)
Corporate profit · Excess profits
Windfall profits · Negative (income) · Flat

International [show]
Financial transaction tax
Currency transaction tax
Tobin tax · Spahn tax
Tax equalization · Tax treaty
European Union FTT

Trade [show]
Custom · Duty
Tariff ( Import · Export) · Tariff war
Free trade · Free trade zone
Trade pact

By country [show]
List of countries by tax rates
Tax revenues as %GDP
Albania · Algeria · Argentina · Australia · Azerbaijan · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Canada · China · Colombia · France · Germany · Greece · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Iran · Ireland · Israel · Italy · Japan · Kazakhstan · Lithuania · Taxation in Namibia · Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Pakistan · Palestinian territories · Peru · Russia · Singapore · South Africa · Sweden · Switzerland · Tanzania · United Kingdom · United States

To tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed by many administrative divisions. Taxes consist of direct tax or indirect tax, and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent (often but not always unpaid labour).

A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property owners to support the government [...] a payment exacted by legislative authority." [1] A tax "is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is "any contribution imposed by government [...] whether under the name of toll, tribute, tallage, gabel, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name." [1]