To: FJB who wrote (677676 ) 10/6/2012 10:53:00 PM From: FJB 1 Recommendation Respond to HolodomorHolodomor ????????? Passers-by ignore corpses of starved peasants on a street in Kharkiv , 1933.
CountrySoviet Union LocationUkrainian SSR Period1932–1933 Total deaths2.4–7.5 million (scholarly estimates) ObservationsConsidered genocide by thirteen modern states. A part of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 . Relief Foreign relief blocked by the State. Respectively 176,200 and 325,000 tons of grains provided by the State as food and seed aids between February and July 1933. [1] ConsequencesForced collectivisation
The Holodomor ( Ukrainian : ?????????, '?????? ???????', literal translation Killing by hunger ) was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian SSR between 1932 and 1933. During the famine, which is also known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in Ukraine", [2] [3] [4] millions of Ukrainians died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine . [5] [6] to 12 million [7] ethnic Ukrainians were said to have been killed as a result of the famine. Recent research has since narrowed the estimates to between 2.4 [8] and 7.5 [9] million. The exact number of deaths is hard to determine, due to a lack of records, [10] [11] but the number increases significantly when the deaths inside heavily Ukrainian-populated Kuban are included. [12] The demographic deficit caused by unborn or unrecorded births is said to be as high as 6 million. [10] Older estimates are still often cited in political commentary. [13] Joseph Stalin . [5] [14] [15] [16] Scholars and politicians using the word Holodomor emphasize the man-made aspects of the famine, arguing that it was genocide ; some consider the resultant loss of life comparable to the Holocaust . [17] They argue that the Soviet policies were an attack on the rise of Ukrainian nationalism and therefore fall under the legal definition of genocide . [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Other scholars argue that the Holodomor was a consequence of the economic problems associated with radical economic changes implemented during the period of Soviet industrialization . [19] [20] [23] [24]
