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To: tejek who wrote (700345)2/21/2013 6:09:34 PM
From: joseffy  Respond to of 1583406
 
Mike ESPY
U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi's 2nd Congressional district

25th United States Secretary of Agriculture




In office
January 3, 1987 – January 22, 1993
Webb Franklin
Bennie Thompson
Alphonso Michael Espy
November 30, 1953 (age 59)
Yazoo City, Mississippi
Democratic
Howard University, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Santa Clara University School of Law, Juris Doctor ( J.D.)

Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (born November 30, 1953) is a former United States political figure. From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi. He served as the Secretary of Agriculture from 1993 to 1994. He was the first African American Secretary of Agriculture.


Contents
Early life ESPY was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He is the grandson of Thomas J. Huddleston, Sr., the founder of the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a fraternal society that operated the Afro-American Hospital. The hospital was a leading provider of health care for blacks in the state from the 1920s until the 1970s.

He attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., and was active in and held elective positions in student government. ESPY earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978. He was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the assistant secretary of state to Mississippi Legal Services. ESPY was the assistant secretary of the state's Public Lands Division from 1980 to 1984.

Political career He became assistant state Attorney General from 1984 to 1985. ESPY was then elected as a Democrat to the 100th Congress in 1986 and was re-elected to three succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1987, until his resignation January 22, 1993, having been appointed Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinet of President Bill Clinton. He served as Secretary of Agriculture in 1993–1994.

ESPY crossed the partisan line to endorse Republican Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour in his re-election campaign in November 2007. [1]

Trial and acquittal On August 27, 1997, ESPY was indicted on charges of receiving improper gifts, including sports tickets, lodging, and airfare. ESPY refused to plea bargain and on December 2, 1998 he was acquitted of all 30 criminal charges in the trial. Independent Counsel Donald Smaltz presented more than 70 witnesses in the trial and spent more than $20 million preparing and trying the case. [2]

The defense rested without calling witnesses, stating simply that the prosecution had not proved its case. The jury deliberated less than 10 hours before finding ESPY not guilty on all charges. One of the jurors stated "This was the weakest, most bogus thing I ever saw. I can't believe Mr. Smaltz ever brought this to trial." At least four other jurors echoed this view, though with softer words. [3]

During testimony before the jury, the prosecution's star witness told Smaltz in front of the jury: "God knows, if I had $30 million, I could find dirt on you, sir." [4] During the trial, Smaltz protested that the defense was injecting race into the trial in what he saw as an appeal to a mostly black jury. Barbara Bisoni, the only white juror, said Smaltz's case "had holes" and that race never entered into the two days of deliberations. [3]

In December 1997, Tyson Foods Inc., the nation's largest poultry processor, pleaded guilty to giving ESPY more than $12,000 in illegal gifts, and agreed to pay $6 million in fines and investigative expenses.

In a similar case to Tyson Foods, Sun-Diamond was fined $1.5 million for giving $6,000 in gifts to ESPY. Sun-Diamond won a reversal at the Court of Appeals. Independent Counsel appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, in affirming the decision of the Court of Appeals, found that the gratuities statute requires a link between a gift and an official act. Unable to make such a link, Independent Counsel dismissed the gratuities charge against Sun-Diamond. The unanimous opinion of the court, written by Justice Antonin Scalia, stated that the prosecutor's interpretation of the law was so broad that even a high school principal could be in legal trouble for giving a souvenir baseball cap to a visiting Secretary of Education. [5]

The Sun-Diamond decision played a pivotal role in the later acquittal of Mike ESPY because Independent Counsel was unable to link gifts received by ESPY to any official act.

References
^ [1][ dead link] ^ oic.gov^ a b ESPY Acquitted in Gifts Case. Washingtonpost.com (December 5, 1998). Retrieved on September 14, 2011. ^ cnn.com ^ Supreme Court rules Sun Diamond Growers did not violate federal law in ESPY case - April 27, 1999. Cnn.com (April 27, 1999). Retrieved on September 14, 2011.
  • Phelps, Shirelle (editor), Who's Who Among African Americans, Gale Research, Detroit; London, 1998 (Eleventh Edition)
External links United States House of Representatives Political offices
Preceded by
Webb Franklin
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Mississippi's 2nd congressional district

1987–1993
Succeeded by
Bennie Thompson
Preceded by
Edward R. Madigan
United States Secretary of Agriculture
Served under: Bill Clinton

1993–1994
Succeeded by
Dan Glickman
[ show]

Cabinet of President Bill Clinton (1993–2001)



To: tejek who wrote (700345)2/21/2013 6:11:11 PM
From: joseffy  Respond to of 1583406
 
Congressman Bennie G. Thompson (D-MS)


U.S. House of Representatives Serving the 2nd District of Mississippi

Congressman Bennie G. Thompson is a firm believer of giving back to those whom afforded him an opportunity to serve. His 43 years of public service is a testament to his unwavering dedication to fulfill their expectations and to be the resounding voice for the constituents of the Second District of Mississippi.

Early Years

As a young man growing up in rural Bolton, Mississippi, Thompson was well aware of the realities that plagued the South. The experiences that his family endured made him determined to be an advocate for those of who were oftentimes underserved.

While earning his Bachelor of Science and Masters of Science degrees from Tougaloo College and Jackson State University, respectively, Thompson began to develop his grassroots political activism. He joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and helped to organize voter registration drives for African-Americans in the Mississippi Delta. As a product of the Civil Rights Movement, Thompson has remained committed to ensuring that all people are allowed to exercise their fundamental rights.

After graduating from college, Thompson followed in the footsteps of his mother and worked as a schoolteacher. It was during this time that he began to aggressively pursue a career in politics.

Local Public Service

From 1968 to 1972, Thompson served as alderman, and he went on to serve as mayor from 1973 to 1980 in Bolton, Mississippi. As mayor of Bolton, Mississippi and founding member and President of the Mississippi Association of Black Mayors, he initiated policies and provided services that benefited the underserved citizens of his hometown.

While in the capacity of mayor, Thompson made sure that resources were invested to improve the city’s infrastructure, paved streets in rural areas, renovated dilapidated houses in developing neighborhoods, spearheaded the construction of city hall, and reevaluated the town’s real estate to reflect accurate values. For years prior to that time, white officials had been deliberately undervaluing the property.

In 1975, having firsthand knowledge of the disparity between funding, equipment, and supplies provided to historically black universities and those provided to white colleges, Thompson filed a lawsuit to increase funding at Mississippi’s historically black universities. With Thompson as lead plaintiff, the case was subsequently settled for an unprecedented $503 million.

From 1980 to 1993, Thompson served as County Supervisor for Hinds County and was the founding member and President of the state’s Association of Black Supervisors. His reputation of being a pragmatic local public servant afforded him an opportunity to be the vocal champion for his constituents.

National Public Service

In 1993, the people of the Second District believed they would be best served if Thompson was in a national position of reform. They bestowed their trust in Thompson, as he was elected the Democratic Congressman for Mississippi’s Second District. Congressman Thompson’s Second District is comprised of 23 counties – Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Claiborne, Coahoma, Copiah, Hinds, Holmes, Humphreys, Issaquena, Jefferson, Leake, Leflore, Madison, Montgomery, Quitman, Sharkey, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, Tunica, Warren, Washington, and Yazoo.

Presently serving his ninth term as Congressman and being the longest-serving African-American elected official in the state of Mississippi, Thompson’s stellar voting record is indicative of his determination to be an activist for reform. Congressman Thompson has served on the Agriculture, Budget and Small Business Committees.

In 2000, Thompson authored legislation creating the National Center for Minority Health and Health Care Disparities, which subsequently became law. He received a Presidential appointment to serve on the National Council on Health Planning and Development.

In August 2005, the state of Mississippi was not unscathed by the natural disasters of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, respectively. Congressman Thompson aggressively advocated for disaster relief improvements within government agencies, and provided oversight to ensure that federal funds were properly allocated for Gulf Coast recovery.

In 2006, during the 109th Congress, Thompson’s Washington colleagues expressed their overwhelming confidence in his abilities, as they promoted him to serve as the first Democratic Chairman of the Homeland Security Committee. As Chairman, Congressman Thompson introduced and engineered House passage of the most comprehensive homeland security package since September 11, 2001 - H.R. 1, the “9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007”. Congressman Thompson’s reputation as a no-nonsense visionary has provided him an opportunity to serve his third term as Chairman.

Thompson’s 26 years of experience as a volunteer firefighter motivates him to aggressively advocate on behalf of our law enforcement and first responders. He believes that they should receive the necessary resources and tools to effectively respond to any and all emergencies.

Everyday, Congressman Thompson witnesses the inequities that continue to exist in this great country of ours. His progressive, yet realistic, approach is to overcome the disparities and be the unabashed champion for civil rights, equal education, and healthcare reform not only for his constituents but also for all Americans.

The recent election of President Barack Obama has added new energy to America. Thus, Congressman Thompson remains invigorated in his efforts to serve as the eyes and ears for the people of the Second District of Mississippi.

Personal Life

Congressman Thompson is a lifelong member of the Asbury United Methodist Church in Bolton, Mississippi. He has been married to his college sweetheart, London Johnson of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, for 42 years. The couple has one daughter BendaLonne, one granddaughter, Jeanna and one grandson, Thomas Gordon.

Congressman Thompson is an avid outdoorsman. He also enjoys gardening, reading, and listening to blues music.



To: tejek who wrote (700345)2/21/2013 6:11:52 PM
From: joseffy  Respond to of 1583406
 
Hall, Katie Beatrice (1938- )




Image Courtesy of the U.S. House of
Representatives Photography Office



Democratic representative Katie Hall was elected to the United States Congress in 1983. Born in Mound Bayou, Bolivar County, Mississippi in 1938, she attended Mississippi Valley State University and Indiana University before teaching in the public schools of Gary Indiana. Hall was elected to the Indiana State Legislature in 1972, and then to the Indiana State Senate in 1974, a position she was continually reelected to until 1983 when she campaigned for Congress from Indiana’s First Congressional District which is mostly Gary and the northwestern corner of the state.

Hall was nominated to run as a representative by the Democratic Party when Congressman Adam Benjamin died in office in 1982 shortly after winning reelection. Through a well organized six week campaign, Hall achieved an impressive 60% of the votes in the 1983 special election to become First District Representative, winning 97% of the black vote and a surprising 51% of the white vote.

Hall’s goals in office were to support a working-class constituency, to fight the rising unemployment in her district, and to combat high military spending and governmental support of big business over small businesses and the working class. Once in Congress, she became chairperson of the Census and Population Subcommittee, and of the Civil Service and Post Office committee. She is famous for having introduced the bill to make Martin Luther King Jr., birthday a national holiday. Representative John Conyers Jr. had first introduced legislation for the holiday days after Dr. King’s assassination in 1968. However it was Hall’s final version of the bill was passed into law in 1983.

Despite her striking victory in the 1983 special election, Hall did not win her bid for re-nomination in 1984 Democratic primary. Mrs. Hall blamed her failure on racism; however the 1984 campaign was weakly organized, and despite the symbolism of the King bill success, voters saw little economic progress during Hall’s term. She failed to win the support of the black community, losing by over 4,800 votes in the eight neighborhoods with majority black populations. Democrat Peter J. Visclosky was elected instead.

After 1984 Hall remained active in political and civic affairs, and was vice-chair of the Gary Housing Board Commissioners and a state senator from the Third District of Indiana.


Sources:
William L. Clay, Just Permanent Interests; Black Americans in Congress 1870-1992 (New York: Amistad Press Inc., 1993); Bruce A. Ragsdale and Joel D. Tresse, Black Americans in Congress 1870-1989 (Washington, D.C. United States Congress, House, 1990); jstor.org@washington.edu/01c0a80a6a00501cdb8f6&dpi=3&config=jstor; avoiceonline.org

Contributor:




To: tejek who wrote (700345)2/21/2013 7:53:07 PM
From: jlallen4 Recommendations  Respond to of 1583406