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Politics : Liberalism: Do You Agree We've Had Enough of It? -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/3/2013 5:21:10 PM
From: longnshort	1 Recommendation Recommended By Jorj X Mckie Respond to of 224845

"the highest temperature measured in the Arctic country since records began in 1958." wow be still my heart, since 1958 wow that's a like along long time

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/3/2013 5:23:32 PM
From: TopCat	1 Recommendation Recommended By TideGlider Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 224845

"Greenland soars to its highest temperature ever recorded, almost 80 degrees F." The last time we cycled out of an ice age.....there was nobody here to record temperatures.

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/3/2013 5:23:43 PM
From: longnshort	3 Recommendations Recommended By Jorj X Mckie TideGlider TopCat Respond to of 224845

oh no kenny look at greenlands Noaa's ice core temp records Here is an interesting look at some long term climate history. greenworldtrust.org.uk

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/3/2013 5:25:23 PM
From: Jack of All Trades	3 Recommendations Recommended By longnshort Proud_Infidel rayrohn Respond to of 224845

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/3/2013 7:22:58 PM
From: TideGlider	2 Recommendations Recommended By locogringo Sedohr Nod Respond to of 224845

Kenneth it must be the global cooling creating the changes that allowed for this unusual anomaly.

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/4/2013 3:23:45 PM
From: chartseer	1 Recommendation Recommended By TideGlider Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 224845

Do you suppose it is warmer there now than when the Vikings settled there with their herds of grazing live stock and named the place Greenland?

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/5/2013 8:20:38 AM
From: tonto	2 Recommendations Recommended By locogringo TideGlider Respond to of 224845

Ivittuut, Greenland has had temperatures as high as 86 degrees...the article is wrong. Greenland soars to its highest temperature ever recorded, almost 80 degrees F.

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/5/2013 10:18:20 AM
From: DeplorableIrredeemableRedneck	3 Recommendations Recommended By locogringo Proud_Infidel TideGlider Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 224845

Phillipps is believing the MSM bullcrap as per usual

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)	8/5/2013 12:10:40 PM
From: TideGlider	Respond to of 224845

World Climate Report The Web’s Longest-Running Climate Change Blog October 16, 2007 Greenland Climate: Now vs. Then, Part I. Temperatures Filed under: Arctic, Polar — We at World Climate Report have been spending some time over at the local library digging through some old journals looking for information about climate conditions in Greenland during the early-to-mid 20th century—a time when it pretty well established that much of Greenland was as warm, or warmer, than it is presently. This fact, however, seems largely ignored by alarmist scientists and the media who continue to turn up the volume on rhetoric claiming that Greenland is experiencing events that have not been experienced there for time immemorial. Knowing what we do about the climate history of Greenland, we can’t help to wonder whether time immemorial only extends back about 50 years or so. We will present what we uncover through a multi-part series of World Climate Reports under the general title, “Greenland Climate: Now vs. Then.” In our first installment, we’ll briefly review the temperature history of Greenland over the course of the 20th century, setting the stage for future articles in which we’ll visit topics that have been in the news recently such as record levels of surface melt extent, rapidly retreating glaciers, surface mass balance estimates, and “warming islands.” First things first, Figure 1 is a map of Greenland depicting the locations of some coastal locations where temperature measurements have been historically made, along with the general surface contours of its ice sheet. Figure 1. Contours depicting the elevation of Greenland’s ice map (meters) and the locations where historical temperature measurements have been recorded; Gothab Nuuk (GN), Angmassalik (AM), Upernavik (UP), Jakobshavn (JH), Ivigtut (IV), Egedesminde (EG), Prins Christi (PC) and Dansmarkhavn (DH) (from Chylek, 2006). You’ll see that the surface of a good portion of Greenland’s ice sheet lies at or above 2000m (6560ft) with some areas of the inland ice sheet exceeding 2750m (9020 ft) in elevation. The vastness of the inland ice sheet explains why all towns lie along the coast. Now let’s look at the temperature histories from some of these coastal locations. Godthab Nuuk, in the southwestern part of the country, and Angmagssalik, along the southeastern coast have the longest period of continual observations, with data stretching back into the late 19th century. Both show a similar pattern of the trace of annual temperatures. At Godthab Nuuk (Figure 2), observations show that in a matter of a few years in the early 1920s, the typical average temperature rose by about 2ºC and then gradually cooled off through the late 1980s. Since then, during the past 15-20 years, annual temperatures have risen to about mid-20th century levels. At Angmagssalik (Figure 3), the record shows generally the same thing—rising temperatures from the late 1800s to the early 1920s, a quick jump of a couple of degrees, a prolonged, gradual cooling from the 1940s through the mid-1980s, and a recent rise. With the exception of the record warmth observed in 2003, recent temperatures there are only at about mid-20th century levels. Figure 2. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Godthab Nuuk (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) Figure 3. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Angmagssalik (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) A more or less similar behavior can be pieced together from temperature observations made from other stations further north along the coasts. On the western shores, the temperature records at Jakobshavn (Figure 4) and Upernavik (Figure 5) begin the late-1800s and extend up until about 1980, while the observations at Egedesminde (Figure 6) begin in the 1950s and continue until present. Together, the observations of these stations suggest that the temperatures there have behaved similarly to those continuously observed at Godthab Nuuk. Figure 4. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Jakobshavn (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) Figure 5. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Upernavik (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) Figure 6. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Egedesminde (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) On the eastern side of the island, the temperature record at Danmarkshavn (Figure 7), along the central coast, only picks up in the 1950s. It shows that there, recent temperatures have exceeded the ones observed in the 1950s, but can’t tell us how they relate to the conditions of the 1930s—a period which was warmer than the 1950s elsewhere on Greenland. Figure 7. Historical record of average annual temperatures records at the Greenland station of Danmarkshavn (data source: Goddard Institute of Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) A recent study by Peter Chylek et al. (2006) put all of these Greenland temperature records together in one place (Figure 8 ), and commented: Although there has been a considerable temperature increase during the last decade (1995 to 2005) a similar increase and at a faster rate occurred during the early part of the 20th century (1920 to 1930) when carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases could not be a cause. The Greenland warming of 1920 to 1930 demonstrates that a high concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is not a necessary condition for period of warming to arise. The observed 1995–2005 temperature increase seems to be within a natural variability of Greenland climate. Figure 8. The 1995–2005 and 1920–1930 warming periods at Greenland stations show a similar behavior (source: Chylek et al., 2006). Chylek and colleagues went on to comment as to how the impacts of these recent warm temperatures on glacier movements likely compared to impacts that probably resulted in the past from similarly warm (or warmer) conditions: The glacier acceleration observed during the 1996–2005 period has probably occurred previously. There should have been the same or more extensive acceleration during the 1920–1930 warming as well as during the Medieval Warm period in Greenland when Greenland temperatures were generally higher than today. In articles to come in our series “Greenland Climate: Now vs. Then,” we will show that not only have aspects of the recent behavior of glaciers been similar to those in the past, but also that other recent ice observations in Greenland are a repeat of conditions of the early-to-mid 20th century. And if they happened last time it was as warm or warmer than conditions there are now, then undoubtedly they happened the time before that—a span of at least a thousand years about 8,000 years ago, as Figure 9, taken from the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, shows. Figure 9. Timing and intensity of temperature deviations from pre-industrial levels during the past 12,000 years. Note that Greenland and most of the high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere were likely as warm, or warmer, than present for multi-millennial periods since the end of the last Ice Age (source: IPCC, AR4, Chapter 6, p. 462). There are copious indications that recent conditions in Greenland do not represent an aberrant fluctuation in the region’s climate. Instead, conditions currently lie within the known limits of natural variations. Reference: Chylek, P., et al., 2006. Greenland warming of 1920-1930 and 1995-2005. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L11707, doi:10.1029/2006GL026510. ShareThis <!-- --> No Comments No comments yet. RSS feed for comments on this post. Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time.

To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (158516)

8/5/2013 12:16:09 PM

From: TideGlider

Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 224845

The History of Greenland by Murray Lundberg [iframe name="aswift_2" width="728" height="90" id="aswift_2" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" vspace="0" hspace="0" style="left: 0px; top: 0px; position: absolute;" allowtransparency="true"][/iframe]

Dateline: December 17, 1999 (links updated March 16, 2006) The year 2000 is extremely important to the people of Greenland, as it marks the approximate 1,000th anniversary of the arrival of the first Inuit, and also of Leif Erikkson's journey from Greenland to Canada. Many special ceremonies and projects are underway or planned, and a greatly-increased awareness of the country's history is apparent. Greenland was first inhabited about 4,500 years ago. The earliest residents arrived from the west, but either left or died due to periods of exceptionally cold weather and/or poor hunting. Signs of their presence have been found near Maniitsoq. The region seems to have then been uninhabited for about 3,000 years.
Nuuk was established as the Danish colony Godthåb (Good Hope) in 1728 by Danish/ Norwegian missionary Hans Egede. The house in the foregound was built by him.
The next migration came from the east, following "Erik the Red" Thorwaldsson's exploration of the southern coast of Greenland between 982 and 985 AD. In 986, he led a group of Viking families from Iceland, and settled at Brattahlid, traditionally known as Qassiarsuk ( route map). The climate at this time was very warm, much wamer than it is today, and crops were able to do well. It seems likely that the name "Greenland" was given to the country, not just as wishful thinkful, but because it was a climatic fact at that time. In 999 or 1000, Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the Red, brought the first Christian missionary to Greenland, from Norway. Shortly after, the first church, Thjódhildurs Church, was built at Brattahlid. It was built beside Erik the Red's farmhouse, at his wife's insistence, and was named after her. As part of the celebrations being held in 2000, the church and farmhouse have been rebuilt, and are being dedicated on July 16, 2000. In 1000, Leif Eriksson made his voyage to North America. That voyage is being recreated with a replica of his ship, the Islendingur. It will sail from Brattahlid (Qassiarsuk) on July 15, 2000, and a lengthy series of celebrations are planned upon her arrival in North America. The church became extremely powerful in Greenland; in about 1124 a bishop was appointed, and a residence was built at Gardar (Igaliko), near Brattahlid. By most reports, corruption within the church was rampant, and may have ultimately helped destroy the settlements the church was sent to minister to.
A strip of gut skin with patched figures of couples and an umiak ("woman's boat"). Collected in East Greenland 1884-85.

At about the same time that the Norseman were settling the south of Greenland, the present Greenlanders, the Inuit, arrived and settled further to the north (some sources state that they arrived as late as 1200 AD).
Hvalsey Church. The ruins are one of the best-preserved signs of Middle Age settlements in Greenland.
The mild climatic period was fairly short-lived in geologic terms - by about 1200 AD, the ever-increasing cold was making life extremely difficult, and some years no supply ships were able to reach Greenland through the ice-choked seas. During this period, Norway has assumed responsibility for supplying the Norse settlers in Greenland, but as the climate worsened it became a very difficult task. By about 1350, the settlements in southwestern Greenland had been abandoned. There is no evidence to prove where the people went to, but one persistent legend says that they went to North America, eventually settling in North Dakota. This legend claims that they were the original Mandan Indians. In 1408, a wedding was performed in the Hvalsey Church. This is not only the last known service at Hvalsey, but also the last written record of the Viking presence in the region. It is thought that some settlers remained for another 80-90 years, then were forced to leave by the deteriorating climate as well.
A meeting between Eskimos and Europeans. Colour lithograph by Hans Zakæus, 1818-1819.
Not until 1721 did Europeans return to Greenland, and in 1775, Denmark claimed the island as a closed colony. Although there were no European residents, the merging of Norway and Denmark in the Kalmar Union had resulted in control over Greenland being passed to Denmark. The people of Greenland did not fare well under Danish rule, and the standard of living was very low until the Second World War. At that time, the United States built a series of military bases, including Thule AFB. In 1953, a constitutional change made Greenland an integral part of Denmark rather than being a colony. Danish financial assistance increased substantially, and the country modernized quickly. Life expectancy rose, the population doubled due both immigration and an increased birthrate, and modern technology was introduced into most aspects of life, from medicine to transportation and comunications.

The annual spring sled dog races at Ilulissat bring history and culture to life.
In the 1970s, concerns began to be expressly that Greenland's culture was being lost, and pressure began to build for establishment of a Home Rule government. That was accomplished in 1979. The new legislature was given power over everything except foreign affairs, defense and the judiciary, which are still controlled from Copenhagen, although in practise Greenland's opinions are given a great deal of consideration when setting policy. In modern Greenland, culture and history are very visible parts of everyday life, from colourful clothing to sled dog races. For tourists, the range of historical and cultural attractions is enormous, ranging from accommodations such as the unique Hotel Arctic to natural history tours by dogteam. As well as the rebuilding of Thjódhildurs Church, many Inuit and Viking sites are being preserved or restored by the coordinated efforts of the National Museum of Greenland (Nunatta Katersugaasivia) and the local museums in Nanortalik, Narsaq and Qaqortoq. The National Museum of Denmark has submitted a proposal to UNESCO to have almost 3,000 square kilometers of Narsaq and Qaqortoq designated as a World Heritage Site. This area encompasses sites ranging from Inuit and Viking settlements to colonial buildings. Plans for establishing "ruin-parks" to both make access easier and protect the most important sites better, promise to provide ever-increasing possibilities to see Greenland's past.