To: Eric who wrote (61556 ) 12/3/2014 1:15:57 PM From: Maurice Winn Respond to of 86355 Bud, I'm chuckling at your lack of understanding. Have you checked coal production over the last 10 years? How about the number of coal fired power stations in China? How has Athabasca production been going? I won't bother with battery swapping yet. Oil is getting cheaper, so the Otto and Diesel world is getting a new lease on life. 30 years ago, I was thinking photovoltaics and batteries would be looming to replace them, but the decades are rolling by and the amazing technological improvements in the industrial revolution machinery maintains diesel and petrol competitiveness. With electronics, their efficiency has been much improved. Engine designs continue to improve. It's amazing but true. We are well into the 21st century and still they are the preferred power source for cars. Meanwhile, my Halo system is under development for convenient recharging of the few cars which are battery powered. But Halo won't be enough. The huge, heavy, and expensive battery is no way to power a car. Modular little swappable ones is the way to go, with Halo recharge when parked. I see Musk has copied my design for tubular intercity/intercontinental 1000 km per hour flying cars with linear motor propulsion and photovoltaics on the roof. He calls it Hyperloop. He will go to Halo one of these days, and swappable batteries. Super chargers are hopeless. You can't put 60 litres equivalent of electricity through cables into a car battery quickly enough. 20 minutes is really fast, but not fast enough. 5 minutes is too slow. 7 seconds is all that's needed to put 5 or 10 litres equivalent into a car. With 7 second pit stops, more frequent "refueling" is acceptable. For city travel, 5 litres equivalent is plenty. That's a cheap little battery. For long haul, people might opt for 10 litres equivalent, stopping every 100 km or so for a quick swap. Since it's apparently a new idea to you, you might like to "work with photovoltaics" and calculate how much more sunlight is absorbed on to photovoltaics compared with white paint on a roof. Back in the early and mid 1980s, while working on alternative fuels for BP Oil International, I was thinking methanol fueled fuel cells and all-electric city cars would be the way to go. Despite Chris's work cargroup.org and others, on fuel cells, we are still not there and the good old Otto cycle reigns supreme. You Johny come latelies are telling your grandmothers how to suck eggs. Chris has been an employee of mine for a couple of years at Qualcomm's Halo division. Still chuckling here at you Luddite Greenhorns. Mqurice