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To: Brian Sullivan who wrote (192669)	9/22/2015 2:28:07 PM
From: Bearcatbob	Respond to of 206084

Let us all pray!

To: Brian Sullivan who wrote (192669)	9/22/2015 2:32:04 PM
From: bruwin	1 Recommendation Recommended By dvdw© Respond to of 206084

For those who may not be aware of it (and probably there are only a few) one of the main advantages of transporting LNG is the fact that it's volume is reduced by about 600 times when its temperature is reduced to -162 deg. C (-260 deg. F). That's why an LNG tanker ship has several bulbous tanks on board in which the liquid LNG is stored, under pressure and at reduced temperature, during transport. The tanker vessel uses some of that on board LNG to provide the fuel to run the necessary refrigeration to keep the temperature low ... ------------------------------------------------ Courtesy of Google and Wikipedia :- Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and asphyxia. The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately -162 °C (-260 °F); maximum transport pressure is set at around 25 kPa (4 psi). A typical LNG process. The gas is first extracted and transported to a processing plant where it is purified by removing any condensates such as water, oil, mud, as well as other gases such as CO2 and H2S. An LNG process train will also typically be designed to remove trace amounts of mercury from the gas stream to prevent mercury amalgamizing with aluminium in the cryogenic heat exchangers. The gas is then cooled down in stages until it is liquefied. LNG is finally stored in storage tanks and can be loaded and shipped. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel.[1] This makes LNG cost efficient to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist. Specially designed cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic road tankers are used for its transport. LNG is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas. It can be used in natural gas vehicles, although it is more common to design vehicles to use compressed natural gas. Its relatively high cost of production and the need to store it in expensive cryogenic tanks have hindered widespread commercial use. Despite these drawbacks, on energy basis LNG production is expected to hit 10% of the global crude production by 2020.

To: Brian Sullivan who wrote (192669)	9/23/2015 8:51:03 AM
From: dvdw©	Respond to of 206084

Thanks for that article Brian….enjoyed it very much. eom

To: Brian Sullivan who wrote (192669)	9/24/2015 1:41:36 PM
From: Elroy Jetson	3 Recommendations Recommended By E_K_S Jim P. linhtu Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 206084

Asian LNG Prices Expected to Sink as Low as $4 in 'Ugly' Market - bloomberg.com he slump in liquefied natural gas prices still has further to go, even after a plunge of 60 percent from last year’s peak, according to FGE, an energy consultant.LNG prices may sink as low as $4 per million British thermal units by 2017 because of a glut and probably won’t rise above $8 before 2020, FGE Chairman Fereidun Fesharaki said in a phone interview. That compares with the latest spot price of $7.10 for LNG shipped to northeast Asia, according to New York-based Energy Intelligence Group. “It’s an ugly environment,” Fesharaki said, "at least for LNG producers." While the International Energy Agency four years ago envisioned the possibility of a golden age of gas, Japan’s return to nuclear power after the 2011 Fukushima disaster and cheaper alternatives are threatening demand. LNG producers, meanwhile, are forecast to add 50 million metric tons of new capacity next year, the largest single annual increase and equivalent to a fifth of current global demand, according to Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. The bulk of the new supply is coming from Australia, where companies including ConocoPhillips, Origin Energy Ltd., Chevron Corp. and Royal Dutch Shell are spending more than $150 billion on export ventures. Most LNG projects have long-term contracts with customers linked to the price of crude oil, which has slumped about 50 percent in the past year. Spot LNG prices in Asia have declined for six straight weeks with buyers “on the sidelines,” and have now slumped more than 60 percent from a record $19.70 in February 2014, according to Energy Intelligence Group. LNG projects condense gas into liquid form at about minus 160 degrees Celsius (minus 256 Fahrenheit) so it can be shipped to overseas markets. “But as we go forward, the outlook looks better and better in the early 2020s,” said Fesharaki, whose firm advises big oil companies and banks. “The challenge is to persuade your board to go forward and put the money up. Nobody wants to spend that kind of money in this environment.” Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. said in July LNG prices could fall as low as $7 over the next six months due to weaker demand in Japan and South Korea before stabilizing in a range of about $8 to $10.