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Politics : Margaret Sanger's Eugenic Legacy of Death, Disease, Depravit -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Brumar89 who wrote (413)3/5/2016 6:45:50 PM
From: Brumar89  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 1308
 
Sean Pitman on evolution of mitochondria

From Detecting Design:

Now, it is true that mitochondrial organelles are quite unique and very interesting. Unlike any other organelle, except for chloroplasts, mitochondria appear to originate only from other mitochondria. They contain some of their own DNA, which is usually, but not always, circular – like circular bacterial DNA (there are also many organisms that have linear mitochondrial chromosomes with eukaryotic-style telomeres). Mitochondria also have their own transcriptional and translational machinery to decode DNA and messenger RNA and produce proteins. Also, mitochondrial ribosomes and transfer RNA molecules are similar to those found in bacteria, as are some of the components of their membranes. In 1970, these and other similar observations led Dr. Lynn Margulis to propose an extracellular origin for mitochondria in her book, Origin of Eukaryotic Cells (Margulis, 1970). However, despite having their own DNA, mitochondria do not contain anywhere near the amount of DNA needed to code for all mitochondria-specific proteins. Over 99% of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function are actually produced outside of the mitochondria themselves. The DNA needed to code for these proteins is located within the cell’s nucleus and the protein sequences are assembled in the cytoplasm of the cell before being imported into the mitochondria (Endo and Yamano, 2010). It is hypothesized that these necessary genes were once part of the mitochondrial genome, but were then transferred and incorporated into the eukaryotic nuclear DNA over time. Not surprisingly then, none of the initial mtDNAs investigated by detailed sequencing, including animal mtDNAs, look anything like a typical bacterial genome in the way in which genes are organized and expressed (Michael Gray, 2012).

It is interesting to note at this point that Margulis herself wasn’t really very Darwinian in her thinking. She opposed competition-oriented views of evolution and stressed the importance of symbiotic or cooperative relationships between species. She also argued that standard neo-Darwinism, which insists on the slow accrual of mutations by gene-level natural selection, “is in a complete funk” (Link).

But what about all of those similarities between mitochondria and bacteria? It would seem like these similarities should overwhelmingly support the theory of common ancestry between bacteria and mitochondria.

Well, the problem with Darwinian thinking in general is that too much emphasis is placed on the shared similarities between various creatures without sufficient consideration of the uniquely required functional differences. These required differences are what the Darwinian mechanism cannot reasonably explain beyond the lowest levels of functional complexity (or minimum structural threshold requirements). The fact of the matter is that no one has ever observed nor has anyone ever published a reasonable explanation for how random mutations combined with natural selection can produce any qualitatively novel protein-based biological system that requires more than a few hundred specifically arranged amino acid residues – this side of trillions upon trillions of years of time. Functionally complex systems that require a minimum of multiple proteins comprised of several thousand specifically-coded amino acid residue positions, like a rotary flagellar motility system or ATPsynthase (illustrated), simply don’t evolve. It just doesn’t happen nor is it remotely likely to happen in what anyone would call a reasonable amount of time (Link). And, when it comes to mitochondria, there are various uniquely functional features that are required for successful symbiosis – that bacteria simply do not have. In other words, getting a viable symbiotic relationship established to begin with isn’t so simple from a purely naturalistic perspective. More.

http://www.uncommondescent.com/origin-of-life/sean-pitman-on-evolution-of-mitochondria/

3
Virgil Cain March 4, 2016 at 11:44 am

Dawkins’ weasel is great support for What Dr Pittman wrote. The sentence “Methinks it is like a weasel” only works in one specific case, that is in the Shakespeare play that contains it. It is meaningless in every other piece of literature. It would only do any good if it arose and was properly integrated into that play.

And not surprisingly Dawkins and the evo-minions seem totally unaware of that fact.


4
seanpit March 4, 2016 at 3:58 pm

The problem with Zachriel’s evolution algorithms, as I’ve mentioned to him many times before, is the same problem Dawkins has with his evolution algorithm (“Methinks it is like a weasel”). Neither uses function-based selection where each mutation is functionally beneficial compared to what came before. All of these algorithms use “target sequences” that function as templates. Each additional match to this target sequence is defined as “selectable” in these evolution algorithms. That is why they work so well and so quickly.

The problem, of course, is that biological evolution does not and cannot work like this. Natural selection cannot preferentially select any novel mutation over any other until such a mutation comes along that actually produces some qualitatively novel functional change that also has a positive effect on reproductive fitness relative to all of the other individuals within that population. Using this Darwinian mechanism, finding novel functionality with greater and greater minimum size and/or specificity requirements becomes exponentially more and more difficult to achieve within a given span of time.

http://www.detectingdesign.com.....alculation

So, Dawkins and Zachriel need to go back to the drawing board and come up with a new evolutionary algorithm that actually reflects what we see in nature. If they do this, they will soon realize, if they are honest with themselves, that such algorithms stall out, in an exponential manner, with each step up the ladder of functional complexity




To: Brumar89 who wrote (413)3/8/2016 1:47:00 AM
From: Greg or e2 Recommendations

Recommended By
Brumar89
Stan

  Respond to of 1308
 
Scientists Say ‘The Creator’ Designed The Human Hand, Biologists Go Ape.

iStockphoto and Shannon Henderson



3713

By William M Briggs Published on March 6, 2016 • 1 Comment

William M Briggs
Who are the most dogmatic, inflexible, reactionary, unforgiving, monomaniacal set of people these days? Folks apt to go off half-cocked, act intemperately, respond to criticism with unthinking ignorant fury, people who call for their enemies to be purged, ostracized, punished?

If you said scientists, you speak the truth.

Scientists are people (I am one myself), though many of us hate for the public to know it, and suffer from intemperate passions of the soul like any other human being; and just like anybody, we scientists are apt to lose the ability to reason soberly while under the sway of passion and ideology.

Nowhere in the scientific community are the disagreeable traits listed above found in more abundance and intensity than in biology. When mechanisms for evolution are questioned, any answer that gives oxygen to the idea that God might have been involved in any way in the design of species sets them off like a Spaniard whose mother’s chastity has been questioned.

The reason for their attitude is obvious: Many biologists believe not only that God has no role in the workings of the world, but that evolution itself proves that God isn’t necessary, and therefore probably doesn’t exist. None of these opinions are in the least scientific, as we’ll see below, but they are believed with a fundamentalist fervency that astonishes.

The latest proof of this came when the journal PLOS ONE published the paper “ Biomechanical Characteristics of Hand Coordination in Grasping Activities of Daily Living” by Ming-Jin Liu, Cai-Hua Xiong, Le Xiong and Xiao-Lin Huang. In the Abstract of that work, after words marveling at the complexity and versatility of the human hand, appears this sentence (emphasis added):

The explicit functional link indicates that the biomechanical characteristic of tendinous connective architecture between muscles and articulations is the proper design by the Creator to perform a multitude of daily tasks in a comfortable way.

The Creator! Later they say, “Hand coordination should indicate the mystery of the Creator’s invention.” And still later this:

In conclusion, our study can improve the understanding of the human hand and confirm that the mechanical architecture is the proper design by the Creator for dexterous performance of numerous functions following the evolutionary remodeling of the ancestral hand for millions of years.

Well, so what? The article’s focus is the study of the most common activities of the hand, information which is necessary to make good robotic imitations. How the hand came to be, while metaphysically fascinating, is beside the purpose of the paper and that of future robotic engineers trying to learn from the human hand in their efforts to develop better robotic hands.

But — ho boy! Many scientists sprung a mental cog and began to jabber like monkeys when told the grocery store is out of bananas. Several took to Twitter, creating the #Creatorgate hashtag so that the rabble would have a banner to rally behind.

A boycott of PLOS ONE was immediately called for. Liu et al.’s paper was called “pseudoscience,” that it was, somehow, akin to the “anti-vax movement.” Peer review was said to have failed. The paper was “beyond absurd.” A user going by the name @TheComplexBrain said, “Rarely have my eyes been so keen to bulge out of their sockets at a single word reading this abstract!” The poor dear.

Others said PLOS ONE’s credibility was marred, that the journal had “jumped the shark.” The journal was put on the defensive and issued a tweet, “PLOS ONE editors apologize that language wasn’t addressed pre-publication. We’re looking into concerns w/ priority.”

The ironically named @lionlchristiaen said, proving my contention, “#Creatorgate shows scientists will not tolerate intrusion of non-sensical religion on their turf and that’s good!!”

Here’s something unusual: the journal allows comments to papers (the public hasn’t discovered this yet). Irate comments to the paper were soon posted, but so was one by Liu. He reminded his audience that his native language was Chinese and that the authors realized they “had misunderstood the word Creator.” He continued:

What we would like to express is that the biomechanical characteristic of tendious connective architecture between muscles and articulations is a proper design by the NATURE (result of evolution) to perform a multitude of daily grasping tasks. We will change the Creator to nature in the revised manuscript.

This explanation was not received with charity. One scientist shot back:

Sorry, but I don’t buy this excuse. As mentioned by others, it is not just the incorrect use of the word “creator.” The whole context of the sentences is very clearly about creationism. The words “superior,” “proper,” “mystery” and “invention” are at least as disturbing and appalling as the word “Creator” (see the citations below)

Disturbing. Appalling. Strong words, no? In fact, asinine words, but they do demonstrate the intransigent metaphysical blindness afflicting all too many biologists.

The story wasn’t over. Bowing under the pressure, PLOS ONE retracted the paper (at 3 Mar 2016, 19:45 GMT). Their statement read:

The PLOS ONE editors have followed up on the concerns raised about this publication. We have completed an evaluation of the history of the submission and received advice from two experts in our editorial board. Our internal review and the advice we have received have confirmed the concerns about the article and revealed that the peer review process did not adequately evaluate several aspects of the work.

In light of the concerns identified, the PLOS ONE editors have decided to retract the article, the retraction is being processed and will be posted as soon as possible. We apologize for the errors and oversight leading to the publication of this paper.

No errors in the paper were identified, and the editors gave no indication they even considered Liu’s explanation. They instead decided not to face the wrath of the mob.

What’s funny about this is that there is nothing scientifically wrong with suggesting that “the Creator”, or even God, is ultimately the cause of the design of the human hand, and indeed the design of every creature. The “laws” of nature — of physics, chemistry, biology — that are responsible for evolution (however it occurs) had to come from somewhere. Asking from where is not a scientific or physical question, it is a metaphysical one, which is to say a philosophical one.

And it is a question most scientists are ill-equipped to answer. That they don’t recognize this accounts for their becoming unhinged by the mere suggestion the Creator was behind the human hand. My suggestion: get a grip.