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To: Taro who wrote (966321)9/22/2016 8:38:42 AM
From: Wharf Rat  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 1574705
 
There's been no warming since August. Deal with it

Quoting John Christy On Climate Change Is Like Quoting Dick Cheney On Iraq



CREDIT: APSo the New York Times decided that the long wrong climatologist John Christy merited an entire “puff piece” profile. He doesn’t.

A defining characteristic of modern journalism is a lack of judgment, an unwillingness?—?or inability?—?to disqualify anyone as a credible source on a subject no matter how thoroughly discredited they have been by reality. Take the media’s ongoing bromance with Dick Cheney and other neocons … please. As the New Republic put it, “ Media Malpractice: Iraq War Blunderers Keep Getting Invited to Criticize Obama With No Disclosure of their Past Incompetence.”

As for the media worthiness of the Politico’s puff piece profile of the Cheney family, I cannot possibly add anything to Esquire’s take-down, “Things In Politico That Make Me Want To Mainline Antifreeze, Part The Infinity.”

I do get that there has long been a fascination with smart people who could have been heroic but instead made tragic errors and dumb choices. Heck, that is the plot of half of Shakespeare’s masterpieces?—?and the first three episodes of Star Wars. Dick Cheney is, of course, less Hamlet and more Anakin Skywalker.

John Christy is no Dick Cheney, but he has been as decisively wrong as the former VP. How wrong? Skeptical Science debunks four dozen errors/myths from Christy in the past 6 years alone here. Several scientists debunked his myriad erroneous claims about climate science made in a 2014 Wall Street Journal piece.

Christy has been wrong for decadesIt surprises no one in the scientific community that Christy is still so wrong today. Christy, and University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) colleague Roy Spencer, famously screwed up the satellite temperature measurements of the troposphere. Indeed they consistently underestimated global warming:



Changes in UAH lower atmosphere temperature trend estimates, growing consistently warmer over time as cool biases and errors are removed. Created by John Abraham.Here’s why Christy is someone you can program your mental DVR to fast forward through, as I’ve written before. First off, he (and Spencer) were wrong?—?dead wrong?—?for a very long time, which created one of the most enduring denier myths, that the satellite data didn’t show the global warming that the surface temperature data did. As RealClimate explained a few years ago:

We now know, of course, that the satellite data set confirms that the climate is warming, and indeed at very nearly the same rate as indicated by the surface temperature records. Now, there’s nothing wrong with making mistakes when pursuing an innovative observational method, but Spencer and Christy sat by for most of a decade allowing?—?indeed encouraging?—?the use of their data set as an icon for global warming skeptics. They committed serial errors in the data analysis, but insisted they were right and models and thermometers were wrong. They did little or nothing to root out possible sources of errors, and left it to othersto clean up the mess, as has now been done.Amazingly (or not), the “serial errors in the data analysis” all pushed the (mis)analysis in the same, wrong direction. Coincidence? You decide.

Climatologist Michael Mann wrote me about Christy’s temperature analysis, “There was no scientific validity to their claims at all. And what makes matters worse, other scientists have stated that Christy seemed to do everything in his power to prevent other scientists from figuring out how they got such a strange result. These scientists were forced to deduce Christy and Spencer’s errors through reverse engineering.”

As Mann explained, that is clear from what Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA) said to Christy at a House hearing about the experiences of Frank Wentz, a scientist from the group Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) who had been trying to reconcile the results they got (that global temperatures are warming) with the cooling trend Christy and Spencer were claiming. Christy’s written testimony said he had “provided sections of our code and relevant data files” to Wentz. Waxman said to Christy:

Well, I contacted RSS about your testimony and Mr. Frank Wentz sent me a letter last night, and he wrote to say, “Dr. Christy has never been willing to share his computer code in a substantial way,” and he provides the text of a 2002 e-mail exchange between RSS and yourself…. In light of this letter, Dr. Christy, I would be interested if you care to clarify your testimony because Mr. Wentz wrote further, “I think the complexity issue was a red herring. My interpretation of Dr. Christy’s response is he simply didn’t want us looking over his shoulder, possibly discovering errors in his work. So we had to take a more tedious trial-and-error approach to uncovering the errors in his methods….” What do you say about that? That sounds inconsistent with what you have told us.The NY Times explains none of this in what one leading climatologist calls a “ puff piece.” The Times does write this:

“John Christy has made a scientific career out of being wrong,” one prominent climate scientist, Benjamin D. Santer of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, wrote in one 2008 email.But again, the Times doesn’t explain that Santer’s statement is true. Worse, the Times calls the dispute over the satellite temperatures “something of a scientific tit for tat.” It even quotes a Christy coauthor saying, “Show me two scientists who agree on everything”?—?as if Christy’s repeated lowball calculations were just some unresolved disagreement with colleagues?—?and not the serial blunders they turned out to be.

So it is beyond ironic for the Times to quote Christy saying, “I’m a data-driven climate scientist,” and “you have to know what’s happening before you know why it’s happening, and that comes back to data.” As Mann wrote me, “it takes some real hutzpah for John Christy to be criticizing other scientists,” given his track record.

Temperature data and analysis are precisely where Christy should be ignored. But instead, the whole Times piece is about … wait for it … how Christy still thinks that his underestimates of global warming and the overwhelming majority of climate scientists are wrong.

Salon has a critique of the piece, “New York Times’ climate skeptic debacle: How a new profile sets back science” with the subhed, “Paper of record issues bizarrely sympathetic treatment of prominent skeptic John Christy, totally misses the point.”

The piece is worth reading, but I don’t agree with the use of the word “science” in the headline. The scientific community hasn’t taken Christy’s pronouncements on climate science seriously since he can’t or won’t break free of his biased and error-riddled views. So I’m not sure this piece sets back science.

It is journalism that is set back by taking Christy seriously?—?much as journalism is set back when the discredited neocons are taken seriously on Iraq. Or maybe it is just the New York Times that is set back, as the Christy piece is not an outlier but yet another example of how the New York Times is mis-covering the story of the century.

Salon is correct that the treatment of Christie is bizarrely sympathetic. Indeed, the NYT’s original headline (as the URL shows) was “Dr. John Christy Skeptic Of Climate Change Finds Himself A Target Of Suspicion From The Global Warming Fanatics”?—?as if Christy was somehow the victim in all of this, rather than a serial disinformer.

You’d never know from the Times piece that Christy is a guy who contributed the chapter “The Global Warming Fiasco” to a 2002 book called Global Warming and Other Eco-Myths, published by Competitive Enterprise Institute, a leading provider of disinformation on global warming long funded by ExxonMobil!

So, yes, Christy is a key player, even a superstar, on team lowball and team disinformation?—?also known as team do-nothing and hence team self-destruction. That history seems as relevant to this NY Times piece as informing people about Cheney’s myriad tactical and strategic blunders on Iraq before quoting him on Iraq policy.

If Christy is wrong yet again, listening to him will prove catastrophicThe Times buries the lede:

Dr. Christy has drawn the scorn of his colleagues partly because they believe that so much is at stake and that he is providing legitimacy to those who refuse to acknowledge that. If the models are imprecise, they argue, the science behind them is compelling, and it is very likely that the world has only a few decades to stave off potentially catastrophic warming.And if he is wrong, there is no redo.“It’s kind of like telling a little girl who’s trying to run across a busy street to catch a school bus to go for it, knowing there’s a substantial chance that she’ll be killed,” said Kerry Emanuel, a professor of atmospheric science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “She might make it. But it’s a big gamble to take.”Well, almost. Climate scientists don’t “believe that so much is at stake”?—?they know it. We don’t have “a few decades to stave off potentially catastrophic warming”?—?we have about one, mainly because politicians and the media have been suckered into listening to Christy and his fellow disinformers for a quarter century.

Time is also running out because many of the most worrisome impacts of global warming?—?such as the disintegration of the Greenland and Antarcticice sheets?—?have been occurring much faster than anyone expected, which is the strongest evidence team do-nothing are wrong when they lowball current impacts and say with confidence we can handle future impacts.

How much clearer and more accurate the Times piece would have been if the author had merely added:

And if he is wrong for the umpteenth time, there is no redo.Christy is simply not a guy you’d want to stake the future of humanity on.

As an aside, Emanuel didn’t mean Christy would give such bad advice to the little girl in that situation, only that Christy’s advice to the world on climate policy is analogously bad and consequential. Though I suppose it would be a fairer analogy to climate change if we were talking about a very large number of little girls planning to cross the street during, say, the running of the bullsand there were some disinformer shouting down the countless people urging those girls not to do it. But of course, Christy wouldn’t do that. What he is doing is, however, is analogously bad and consequential.

The Flat EartherEarlier this year, Christy coauthored a piece in Rupert Murdoch’s Wall Street Journal headlined “Why Kerry Is Flat Wrong on Climate Change.” As noted, the myriad scientific errors in it were debunked at the time by leading scientists.

Christy was upset that Secretary of State John Kerry characterized people like him?—?who reject the scientific consensus on human-caused warming accepted by 97 percent of climate scientists?—?as part of the “ Flat Earth Society.” Christy thinks you should believe him, despite the fact that he has been consistently wrong.

Why? Because, Christy claims, the scientific consensus has turned out to be wrong throughout history. But all his historical examples were wrong. For instance, he wrote:

But who are the Flat Earthers, and who is ignoring the scientific facts? In ancient times, the notion of a flat Earth was the scientific consensus, and it was only a minority who dared question this belief. We are among today’s scientists who are skeptical about the so-called consensus on climate change. Does that make us modern-day Flat Earthers, as Mr. Kerry suggests, or are we among those who defy the prevailing wisdom to declare that the world is round?Uhh, no. Completely backwards, in fact.

The flat Earth was, as Wikipedia notes, a myth “common in pre-scientific societies.” On the other hand, “The paradigm of a spherical Earth was developed in Greek astronomy, beginning with Pythagoras.” Yes, it was science that debunked the flat earth myth. The spherical earth then became fairly widely held. Christy seems to be relying on “The modern misconception that educated Europeans at the time of Columbus believed in a flat Earth, and that his voyages refuted that belief.”

Every year, John Christy finds new ways of being wrong. If one were to go by data, as Christy says we must, then the presumption should now be that whatever Christy says on climate change is most likely wrong. Perhaps it is time to stop listening to him.

thinkprogress.org



To: Taro who wrote (966321)9/23/2016 9:57:48 AM
From: Wharf Rat  Respond to of 1574705
 
Barmy bloopers from John Christy and co at WUWT seven years later
Sou | 2:09 PM



Another Oh My! article has hit the denier-waves. This time from John Christy of UAH infamy, and friends (WUWT article with link is archived here, update here). It purported to be about green houses that are gassy, or something like that. The first sentence in the preface is:

On December 15, 2009, EPA issued its Green House Gas (GHG) Endangerment Finding, which has driven very significant and costly regulations beginning with CO2. Seriously. These guys claim to be writing about greenhouse gases and they don't even know how to spell greenhouse?

Warning: this is another long article.

It's not warming? Huh?
I've noticed lately at WUWT and at Judith Curry's place, the latest trend is to claim it's not warming. This seems particularly foolish right now, after the four hottest decades on record, the two hottest years on record (and heading for a third) and eleven consecutive hottest months on record.

So I was only mildly surprised to find that John Christy has co-authored an article for some disinformation purpose. His co-authors are, wait for it, Joe D'Aleo (would you believe) and James P Wallace III. Joe is in cahoots with Anthony Watts on his dormant or defunct Open Atmospheric Society. This trio wrote an article protesting the EPA's seven year old Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act. Yep. Seven years it's been out, and it's taken this mob all that time to come up with an angle they think might fly. Or might fly with the scientific illiterati at any rate.

Pardon, your age is showing...
The first thing you'll notice is the quaint use of capital letters spattered throughout the document. Take the second paragraph of the preface. I'm surprised they didn't capitalise "dangerously":
Focusing primarily on the time period since 1950, EPA’s Endangerment Finding predicated on Three Lines of Evidence, claims that Higher CO2 Emissions have led to dangerously higher Global Average Surface Temperatures (GAST).

A précis - it's not warming, it's the sun and it's El Niño
What they claim is:
it's not really warmed, or not significantly.it's the sun (based on cumulative TSI - what the heck did they do there?)it's El Nino (based on cumulative MEI - what the heck did they do there?).
I mean, seriously? Is John Christy about to retire? Is he looking to let go of his contracts with NOAA/NASA? Why didn't Roy Spencer co-author this? Was it too much to stomach even for him?

"Cumulative Total Solar Intensity Anomaly" and more gems

Some denier gems = I'll let you try to translate the gobbledegook:
periods of increasing Cumulative Total Solar Intensity Anomaly (Cum TSI Anomaly) would lead to time periods involving more intense and more frequent El Ninos and vice versaThe results, which are obviously quite robust, make it very clear that the Cum MEI variable will capture much of the solar trend cycle influence on temperature trend slopes.the statistically significant linear trend component of the Cum MEI Trend Cycle over this period is due to the cumulative impact of the 1977 Pacific Shift and it is totally appropriate for ENSO Adjustment to take out its linear trend impact.The 1977 Shift variable is also always used when the data begins prior to that date. the Cumulative ENSO activity, has been quite similar to that of Cum Solar Activitythe positive linear trend component in the Solar Activity’s trend cycle over this period

It hasn't warmed since 1950 - ahem (if you subtract the warming)
Looking at their argument that it hasn't warmed, or not really, the way they figured this is as follows. (They sure took their sweet time about all this by the way. The document runs to 68 pages of nonsense.)

Games with the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI)

For ENSO they did something quite unique. The developed what they called the "cumulative MEI". Now the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) is an index that's used to indicate ENSO events. From NOAA: the MEI is calculated as the first unrotated Principal Component (PC) of six observed fields (combined) in the tropical Pacific. These are: sea-level pressure (P), zonal (U) and meridional (V) components of the surface wind, sea surface temperature (S), surface air temperature (A), and total cloudiness fraction of the sky (C). There's more.
All values are normalized for each bimonthly season so that the 44 values from 1950 to 1993 have an average of zero and a standard deviation of "1".How or why anyone would distort the MEI into a cumulative chart is anyone's guess. But these chaps did. Not only did they do that, but the MEI is provided as a bi-monthly number. For each year it goes: Jan-Feb, Feb-Mar, Mar-April and so on to Nov-Dec. It took me a while to figure out what these authors did. I tried accumulating the values but ended up with values ranging from 64 to -110. That was an order of magnitude different to what these authors came up with. Turns out it was simple in the end.

Take an annual average (why on earth?)Add the second year's data to the firstFor each subsequent year, add the current year to the sum of all prior years.
This is the actual MEI going from 1950 to the present, using data from NOAA. Positive values are El Niños and negative values are La Niñas.:

Figure 1 | Multivariate ENSO Index. Data source: NOAA


Now compare that to what happens when you try to average the MEI by year. Click the chart to enlarge it:

Figure 2 | MEI and MEI averaged annually. Data source: NOAA

The highs and lows disappear into a smudgy soup. In the averaged plot, the peaks and troughs are pretty well the same height. Some peaks and troughs all but disappear altogether.
Part of the reason is that by averaging over a year, you're losing the peaks and troughs. I've kept the scale the same, and you can see how different the plots are. The annual average never reaches the highs and lows of the monthly.

Another problem is that some years there is both a La Nina and an El Nino, so they cancel each other out. For example, 1997-98 was a massive El Nino followed immediately by a La Nina from 1998 to 2001. In the averaged chart, the 1998 El Nino looks no different to the ones before it.

Similarly, El Ninos typically span two years, from April-May in the first year to April-May in the second year. Therefore taking a calendar year average mushes the El Nino months with the ENSO neutral months (or La Nina months).

Now look what happens when you accumulate the annual averages:

Figure 3 | The Christy and co "cumulative MEI". This seems to be calculated by first averaging all the MEI values over each calendar year, then accumulating the annual numbers.


To my way of thinking the above chart is somewhere between useless and very useless. However John Christy and his co-authors found a use for it. Guess what they did next. They appear to have deducted some calculation based on the above from the average global surface temperature. It's not at all clear to me just what they subtracted, except that they did remove the increase in temperature, using their scrambled, weird abomination that they called the "cumulative MEI".

What? I hear you gasp. Yep. This is what they wrote:
There is one additional very important point that needs to be made here. From Figure VII-2 above, it is clear that the Cum MEI variable has a Trend Cycle pattern the Trend component of which will have a statistically significant positive slope if the linear regression on a time variable is run over the entire data window 1959 -2015.
By the way, there wasn't any Figure VII-2 above. This was from their section VI, so I figure they meant Figure VI-2, which showed their annually averaged then accumulated MEI. They continue, explaining why they have to remove the rise in temperatures in the 1970s. It was because the temperature went up. (Shades of John McLean, eh?)
The fundamental question addressed now is whether or not it is appropriate that the methodology, used to remove ENSO impacts in doing so, removes this linear Trend impact. The answer is that it is totally appropriate, in fact a must, because the linear trend impact in Cum MEI results from the Natural ENSO related 1977 Pacific Shift.

As shown above, the statistically significant linear trend component of the Cum MEI Trend Cycle over this period is due to the cumulative impact of the 1977 Pacific Shift and it is totally appropriate for ENSO Adjustment to take out its linear trend impact. In fact, it would be totally inappropriate to not take its impact out. However, the CO2 explanatory variable is statistically indistinguishable from a (straight line) linear trend. So, a key question addressed in this research remains whether or not MEI Adjusted Temperatures have a statistically significant positive Trend slope that might be attributed to CO2.

Games with solar radiation

As you probably know, solar radiation has been declining since the middle of last century. The current solar cycle is the weakest it's been for ages. Despite this, this pack of ratbags did the same thing with TSI that they did with MEI. They developed what they called the "cumulative TSI". They put up the chart below:

Figure 4 | Abomination of a chart from Christy and co. Source: Their abomination of a document.


Here is the estimated and observed TSI according to resident WUWT solar expert, Leif Svalgaard. I've added a blue box to mark the period since the 1950, and an arrow to show that it's been declining:

Figure 5 | TSI estimated and observed. Source: Leif Svalgaard


Is there any way that this recent decline in TSI could cause the world to heat up? Well, according to Christy and co, the solar radiation accumulates. (Why it didn't accumulate or cause global warming from the 1700s to the early 20th century, they don't explain.) What they did say was this:
It is not surprising that periods of increasing Cumulative Total Solar Intensity Anomaly (Cum TSI Anomaly) would lead to time periods involving more intense and more frequent El Ninos and vice versa. Thus, inclusion of the natural Cum MEI variable in the ENSO adjustment modeling process can be expected to capture such cumulative solar impacts on ENSO behavioral patterns.You scratch your head and wonder how a declining TSI can cause warming. And I say - umm, good question.

Honestly, these chaps are nuts. They wrote how TSI went up and down with MEI, and then made pronouncements about the sun causing the warming. They'll convince no-one except the denialati.

I haven't even got to their "Tropical Hot Spot". Read on if you dare.

Random number cumulative
Here's something that John Christy and Joe D'Aleo and James P Wallace III could try. Instead of messing about with cumulative MEIs and TSIs, why not just use a random number generator? Below are ten plots that I generated successively (no cheating) with numbers that ended up between +3.3 and -2.3. I then performed the same calculations as they did to get the cumulative distribution.


If you've got a charting package and a random number generator you can try this for yourself. (I just used MS Excel.)

Added by Sou at 5:15 pm Fri 23 September 2016 AEST

On the warming rate in the upper troposphere - denier's so-called "tropical hot spot"

The article or whatever you want to call it, started out badly. The authors wrote how their "evidence" invalidates the EPA's 2009 Greenhouse Gases Endangerment Finding:

These analysis results would appear to leave very, very little doubt but that EPA’s claim of a Tropical Hot Spot (THS), caused by rising atmospheric CO2 levels, simply does not exist in the real world.
But where was the EPA's claim? I looked and couldn't find it.

Much of their article was about what they called a "tropical hot spot", which is not hot and not a spot. In the EPA Endangerment finding itself, the word "spot" appears not at all. The word "hot" appears five times, associated with days, nights and temperatures, but no "hot spots". The word "tropical" appears only once, in association with tropical cyclones, not hot and not spots.

This isn't surprising because the term "tropical hot spot" is not a term that climate scientists typically use. They tend to refer to amplification of the rate of warming in the upper troposphere. In the EPA Finding, the words troposphere or tropospheric appeared ten times, but not in relation to any amplified rate of warming aloft.

In other words, the EPA didn't base their finding on any misnamed "tropical hot spot". If they had they would have said so in the finding.
I then went to the technical support document, and I could find no mention that could be related to amplified warming rate in the upper troposphere. You can look for yourself and tell me where or if I missed it. (It wasn't in the Finding document or the tech support document - Michael S found it in their response to public comments. So not any basis for the EPA finding, just a response to some denier or other.)

Remove the warming trend and say there's no warming

I won't go into all their tropical troposphere charts. They had lots and lots of them. They also had some surface temperature charts. These so-called scientists did a John McLean again. They took a whole lot of data sets from the troposphere and the surface, removed the warming and then said there wasn't any warming. How clever is that?

They justified it by claiming they were removing the effects of ENSO events and solar radiation. They weren't. They used their "cumulative MEI" and "cumulative TSI" and took out the "1978 Pacific Shift". Those tortuous meaningless fudges were apparently the only way they could get rid of this warming. Here is the chart of the average of 12 months to August each year.

Figure 6 | Global mean surface temperature anomaly for the 12 months to August each year. The base period is 1951-1980. Data source: GISS NASA

You can see why they must have puzzled for seven whole years to try to come up with a way to say there's no warming. In the end their effort was a pathetic failure.

By the way, if you want to see the real impact of removing ENSO from the temperature chart, Tamino will show you - here and here. Below is his chart for GISTemp, with changes attributed to ENSO and solar and volcanic eruptions removed:

Figure 7 | Global mean surface temperature minus effects of changes in solar, ENSO and volcanic eruptions. Source: Tamino


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