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To: Jack Whitley who wrote (29918)1/10/1998 10:01:00 PM
From: Glenn D. Rudolph  Respond to of 61433
 
High-Tech in America – 15 December 1997
3
Chart 2: High Technology Trade
01020 30 40
Japan
EU- 15
Canada
Singapore
Taiw an
Malaysia
China
South Korea
Mexico
Brazil
($ billions)
Imports Exports
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census as compiled by Global Trade
Information Services
Services Trade
Though more difficult to measure than merchandise trade,
information services sales represented a positive trade
balance of $4.3 billion as U.S. exports outnumbered
imports nearly 10 to 1 for 1996 ($4.8 billion to $0.5
billion). This sector, made up of exports like custom
software and programming services, integrated hardware
and software systems, and computer systems design and
engineering services, more than tripled from the 1990
figure of $1.3 billion. Even more dramatic was the trade
generated by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies, which
generated a surplus of $19.2 billion in 1995, the latest year
for which figures are available.
High-Technology Employment
Employment for the overall high-technology industry
reached 4.3 million people in 1996, up some 290,000 from
1990. Tech represents 4.3% of the total U.S. workforce,
ranking fourth behind healthcare, education, and
construction. High-tech was the single largest
manufacturing sector with 1.9 million workers, or 10.4% of
all manufacturing employment. However, as with other
manufacturing sectors, high-tech manufacturing
employment declined during the 1990-1996 period, losing
194,000 jobs, but has rebounded 4% since 1995.
Also mimicking the country as a whole, high tech
experienced a shift during the 1990s from manufacturing to
services. In 1992, high-tech services employment
surpassed that of high-tech manufacturing for the first time
and has steadily outpaced it since. The software and
computer related services sector added 455,000 jobs (up
54%) and communications services added another 27,000
jobs during the survey period. The services sector growth
was fueled by the creation of smaller, innovative
companies. While the number of computer hardware
manufacturers rose only 5% during the period, the number
of software and related computer services companies rose
87%.
Chart 3: High Technology Employment
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
(employment in millions)
Softw are & Computer Services
Communications Services
Manufacturing
Overall
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
High-Technology Wages
While high-tech employment has increased, demand for
highly skilled and technically proficient workers has
exceeded supply, pushing wages higher. On an inflation
adjusted basis, high-tech wages increased 13% from 1990
to 1996, with high-tech services up 19%. As a
consequence, the average high-tech wage is 73% higher
than the average U.S. private sector wage. By comparison,
non-technology related wages remained flat over the same
period.
The average high-tech manufacturing wage was $47,800,
$11,600 higher than the general manufacturing wage but
slightly less than comparable manufacturing workers in the
chemical and aircraft industries. For services, the
comparison was even more dramatic, as the average high-
tech wage of $52,527 was 88% higher than the mean for
U.S. services workers. We believe that the rapid pace of
technological evolution and innovation will perpetuate the
supply imbalance for technology workers for the forseable
future, with wages continuing to rise faster than the overall
economy.