To: elmatador who wrote (46222 ) 2/4/2018 2:57:46 PM From: axial Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 46821 Hi elmat — The discussion is getting Guilderesque. You don't like the term "business case" because (in your mind) it always anticipates profit. Not so, but let's switch to cost/benefits. You propose the benefits of fiber, which are all well-known. Nothing new. You propose the benefits of low-cost fiber. On Frank's thread we've been discussing this for years, with examples from Chattanooga to Washington state in the US, Spain, and all over the world. Nothing new. You propose the benefits of greenfield fiber to remote low-population communities. The subject has been well-covered on Frank's thread. For decades. Nothing new. However, when you speculate low-cost fiber from A to X, backbone eventually supporting WISPs, RANs and MANs you don't say a word about cost. Not capital cost, not operating cost. They're invisible. They don't exist. If you're proposing that the state (i.e., taxpayers) should pay those costs -- okay. Or, if you're advancing the proposition of PPPs, that's okay too. Or even (heaven forbid) private ownerships with profits. Alternatively a mix of all three. All okay. Can it be cheap? Yes. Free? NO. Somebody has to pay those costs . And you won't discuss that. _______________________________________ And what happens 10 years on, when some nodes on the backbone become successful? Are you telling us capital won't step in? "Capital - and access to capital - trumps all. There'll be a slow progression of pyramiding buy-outs, ending with a few major players dominating infrastructure, regulators and politicians. Captive end-users will once again battle with rentiers. Only democracies that have articulated public and national interests have defeated the stasis, dissatisfaction, fraud, constant bickering and legal maneuvering that pervades our systems ." _______________________________________ If an entity has good law, with incorruptible government and regulators, cheap broadband can survive. More often, successful telecom is prey to capital. Jim