To: i-node who wrote (67086 ) 4/16/2018 1:48:05 PM From: Wharf Rat Read Replies (1) | Respond to Since the mid 1970s, when DDT was eliminated from global eradication efforts, edit ]Hungary in 1968 [50] followed by Norway and Sweden in 1970, West Germany and the US in 1972, but not in the United Kingdom until 1984. By 1991 total bans, including for disease control, were in place in at least 26 countries; for example Cuba in 1970, the US in the 1980s, Singapore in 1984, Chile in 1985 and the Republic of Korea in 1986. [51] Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , which took effect in 2004, put a global ban on several persistent organic pollutants , and restricted DDT use to vector control . The Convention was ratified by more than 170 countries. Recognizing that total elimination in many malaria-prone countries is currently unfeasible absent affordable/effective alternatives, the convention exempts public health use within World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines from the ban. [52] Resolution 60.18 of the World Health Assembly commits WHO to the Stockholm Convention's aim of reducing and ultimately eliminating DDT. [53] Malaria Foundation International states, "The outcome of the treaty is arguably better than the status quo going into the negotiations. For the first time, there is now an insecticide which is restricted to vector control only, meaning that the selection of resistant mosquitoes will be slower than before." [54] [55] North Korea, and possibly elsewhere. [19] As of 2013 an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 tons of DDT were produced for disease vector control , including 2786 tons in India. [56] DDT is applied to the inside walls of homes to kill or repel mosquitoes. This intervention, called indoor residual spraying (IRS), greatly reduces environmental damage. It also reduces the incidence of DDT resistance. [57] For comparison, treating 40 hectares (99 acres) of cotton during a typical U.S. growing season requires the same amount of chemical as roughly 1,700 homes. [58] en.wikipedia.org epa.gov
