To: Wharf Rat who wrote (1076478 ) 7/4/2018 3:25:11 PM From: Brumar89 Read Replies (1) | Respond to Everything. But we can't expect Trump* to conspire against America with American witnesses in the room.Fort Ross ( Russian : ????-???? ), originally Fortress Ross ( ???????? ????? , tr. Krepost' Ross ), is a former Russian establishment on the west coast of North America in what is now Sonoma County, California , in the United States . It was the hub of the southernmost Russian settlements in North America from 1812 to 1842. ............. Emperor Alexander from the Russian American Company Council, concerning trade with California and the establishment of Fort Ross [4] [15] The Russian managers introduced many European innovations such as glass windows, stoves, and all-wood housing into Alta California. Together with the surrounding settlement, Fort Ross was home to Russians (during the 19th and early 20th century Russian subjects included Poles , Finns , Ukrainians , Estonians , and numerous other nationalities and ethnic groups of the Russian Empire [16] ), as well as North Pacific Natives, Aleuts , Kashaya ( Pomo ), and Creoles . The native populations of the Sonoma and Napa County regions were affected by smallpox , measles and other European diseases, one instance that can be traced to the settlement of Fort Ross. However, the first vaccination in California history was carried out by the crew of the Kutuzov , a Russian-American Company vessel arriving from Callao, Peru which brought vaccine to Monterey in August,1821. The Kutuzov's surgeon vaccinated 54 persons. Another instance of disease prevention was when a visiting Hudson's Bay Company hunting party was refused entry to the Colony in 1833, when it was feared that a malaria epidemic which had devastated the Central Valley was carried by its members. In 1837 a very deadly epidemic of smallpox that came from this settlement via New Archangel wiped out most native people in the Sonoma and Napa County regions. [17] marine mammals had been long depleted by international over-hunting, and the recently secularized California missions no longer supplemented the agricultural needs of the Alaskan colonies. Following the formal trade agreement in 1838 between the Russian-American Company in New Archangel and Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Vancouver and Fort Langley for their agricultural needs, the settlement at Fort Ross was no longer needed to supply the Alaskan colonies with food. The Russian-American Company consequently offered the settlement to various potential purchasers, and it was sold to John Sutter , a Mexican citizen of Swiss origin, soon to be renowned for the discovery of gold at his lumber mill in the Sacramento valley. Although the settlement was sold for $30,000 to Sutter, Russian historians assert the sum was never paid, therefore legal title of the settlement was never transferred to Sutter and still belongs to the Russian people. [18] Ilya Gavrilovich Voznesensky
