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Strategies & Market Trends : Taking Advantage of a Sharply Changing Environment -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Doug R who wrote (1024)	11/15/2018 4:10:55 PM
From: Doug R	1 Recommendation Recommended By Hawkmoon Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 6356

There's certainly a strong cross-correlation among targets of attempts by "official" agencies, both national and international, at controlling/limiting/just plain lying about factual data and conclusions relating to the effects of a Grand Solar Minimum.

To: Doug R who wrote (1024)	9/10/2020 9:28:38 PM
From: Doug R	1 Recommendation Recommended By DinoNavarre Respond to of 6356

"Persisting volcanic ash particles impact stratospheric SO2 lifetime and aerosol optical properties" A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder suggests that such volcanic ash may also have a larger influence on the planet’s climate than scientists previously suspected. The new research, published in the journal Nature Communications, examines the eruption of Mount Kelut (or Kelud) on the Indonesian island of Java in 2014. Drawing on real-world observations of this event and advanced computer simulations, the team discovered that volcanic ash seems to be prone to loitering—remaining in the air for months or even longer after a major eruption. Study coauthor Brian Toon added that these pumice-like particles also seem to shift the chemistry of the entire volcanic plume. Toon, a professor in LASP and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU Boulder, explained that erupting volcanos spew out a large amount of sulfur dioxide. Many researchers previously assumed that those molecules interact with others in the air and convert into sulfuric acid—a series of chemical reactions that, theoretically, could take weeks to complete. Observations of real-life eruptions, however, suggest that it happens a lot faster than that. colorado.edu “There has been a puzzle of why these reactions occur so fast,” Toon said. He and his colleagues think they’ve discovered the answer: Those molecules of sulfur dioxide seem to stick to the particles of ash floating in the air. In the process, they may undergo chemical reactions on the surface of the ash itself—potentially pulling around 43% more sulfur dioxide out of the air. Ash, in other words, may hasten the transformation of volcanic gases in the atmosphere. Just what the impact of those clouds of ash are on the climate isn’t clear. Long-lasting particles in the atmosphere could, theoretically, darken and even help to cool the planet after an eruption. Floating ash might also blow all the way from sites like Kelut to the planet’s poles. There, it could kickstart chemical reactions that would damage Earth’s all-important ozone layer. But the researchers say that one thing is clear: When a volcano blows, it may be time to pay a lot more attention to all that ash and its true impact on Earth’s climate. “I think we’ve discovered something important here,” Toon said. “It’s subtle, but it could make a big difference.”