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Politics : View from the Center and Left -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Wharf Rat who wrote (412742)	8/12/2019 8:32:47 AM
From: Wharf Rat	Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 540724

"Paid for by the Committee To Repeal and Replace Tyndall with An American Woman" SUNDAY, AUGUST 11, 2019 The Foote Effect Some time ago, being defined as about nine years, in his sorely missed Climate Abyss, John Niesen Gammon advocated doing away with the term greenhouse effect, or greenhouse gas, perhaps tongue in cheek, perhaps not "Okay, I’m finally convinced. I hereby declare the greenhouse effect to be nonexistent. There’s not much worse for public knowledge of science than an important but complex phenomenon whose very name evokes a false analogy. Such is the case with the greenhouse effect." Now Eli thinks it was more to having to deal with sniping from the stands, but, be that as it may, John had a suggestion "Naturally, we know lots more about such gases now, including the importance of the wide range of temperature, pressure, and density conditions that accompany their presence in the atmosphere. But Tyndall was the first, and so the “effect formerly known as greenhouse” can properly be called the “Tyndall effect”. But that name is already taken. It refers to the wavelength dependence of light scattering by tiny (sub-micron) particles suspended in an otherwise transparent medium. So that won’t do. Using the same term for two different phenomena would be, I don’t know, like using the term “greenhouse effect” to refer to what keeps greenhouses warm and at the same time use it to refer to what keeps the Earth warm. And wouldn’t that be stupid? But, not to fear, there’s nothing in science that’s presently known as a “Tyndall gas“. So this term can immediately replace the term “greenhouse gas” to refer to gases that are much more opaque to infrared wavelengths than to visible wavelengths. A replacement for the term “greenhouse gas” is especially useful since only a small fraction of the gases that fill greenhouses are greenhouse gases. This makes “greenhouse gas” a double misnomer. Wow. And then, the EFKAG can be renamed more transparently (sorry) as the Tyndall gas effect. So be it. Henceforth I shall use the terms “Tyndall gas” and “Tyndall gas effect” whenever the opportunity presents itself, or at least until such time as a suitable alternative name comes into broader usage." John kept it up for quite a while, as Eli recalls until he left the building down at the Houston Chronicle. Before we go on, it is probably worthwhile pointing out that what Tyndall found was the absorption of Tyndall gases in the IR at longer wavelengths than 3 microns or so shown in red below Recently, maybe a year ago, an 1856 report by Edith Foote to the AAAS national meeting has come to light in which she observed the heating effect of sunlight (shown by the blue line in the figure to the left above) on various gases including CO2 and water vapor in a sealed glass tube. Eli pointed out that since the glass tube cut off the solar spectrum (which is relatively weak there) at about 3 microns, Foote did not observe the basis of the greenhouse effect Tyndall gas effect, which is the absorption of thermal radiation from the surface (shown by the dotted line in the figure to the right). What she did observe is the absorption by water vapor and carbon dioxide shown in green by the bands above 0.7 microns, and maybe down to about 0.3 which are primarily due to aerosol scattering. Since she did experiments with water and thus water vapor in her glass cells, this would not be unlikely. This absorption, the difference between the blue and green lines above 0.3 microns, has an important practical significance: It is responsible for the absorption of approximately 79 W/m2in the atmosphere and should a bunny care to include it the 100 W/m2 scattered back into space Nielsen-Gammon pointed out that there is a long tradition, which he was following, of naming an effect after its discoverer. Thus the absorption and scattering of visible and near IR light in the atmosphere should henceforth be known as the Foote Effect or the Foote Gas Effect

To: Wharf Rat who wrote (412742)	7/17/2023 11:18:50 AM
From: Wharf Rat	Respond to of 540724

"Paid for by the Committee To Repeal and Replace Tyndall with An American Woman" "Holy shit; they did it." Who was Eunice Newton Foote? Google Doodle celebrates the scientist and women’s rights activist (yahoo.com) Sian Hewitt Mon, 17 July 2023 at 6:37 am GMT-7·3-min read In this article: Eunice Newton Foote American atmospheric scientist and civil rights advocate Eunice Newton Foote (Google Doodle) Google has today paid tribute to the work undertaken by American scientist Eunice Newton Foote, an advocate for women’s rights who spoke up about looking after the planet back in the mid-19th century. Google Doodle has marked the day — which is the anniversary of her birth 204 years ago —with the animated picture of a brown-haired woman scribbling in a notepad inside a laboratory. Google says beneath the image: “Today’s slideshow Doodle celebrates the 204th birthday of American scientist and women’s rights activist Eunice Newton Foote. Foote was the first person to discover the greenhouse effect and its role in the warming of Earth’s climate. “Today, scientists all over the world are advancing climate science thanks to the foundation that Newton Foote laid. “Happy Birthday, Eunice Newton Foote.” But what do you know about the scientist and activist? Who was was Eunice Newton Foote?Eunice Newton Foote was born on July 17, 1819, in Connecticut, United States, and attended the Troy Female Seminary, where science was a large part of the curriculum. Science became a love of hers and, in 1848, she attended the first Woman’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls and was the fifth signatory of the Declaration of Sentiments — a document that demanded equality for women in social and legal status. Why did Eunice Newton Foote become involved in women’s rights?Newton Foote became heavily involved in campaigning for women’s rights, mainly because of the barriers that she faced. At the time, women were largely excluded from the scientific community. But this did not stop Newton Foote, who conducted her own experiments. But it was not only in science that Newton Foote believed women should have equal standing, but in life as well. She joined forces with prominent activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony, and together they campaigned for women’s suffrage and equal rights. How did Eunice Newton Foote discover climate change?It was ultimately through her love of science that she made the discovery of the effects of climate change on the world, and it was how she made a name for herself that would be celebrated nearly 200 years later. During an experiment, Newton Foote discovered that a cylinder she was using which contained carbon dioxide had the most significant heating effect in the sun. She became the first scientist ever to make the connection between rising carbon dioxide levels and the warming of the atmosphere. She published her findings, and was the first woman in the US to have a paper published. “An atmosphere of that gas would give to our Earth a high temperature; and if, as some suppose, at one period of its history, the air had mixed with it a larger proportion than at present, an increased temperature from its own action, as well as from increased weight, must have necessarily resulted,” her paper noted. She then went on to study ‘atmospheric static electricity’ and was again published in the esteemed journal, the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Because there was still a stigma attached to female scientists, a male scientist presented her work at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1856, saying, “Science was of no country and of no sex. The sphere of woman embraces not only the beautiful and the useful, but the true.” Those discussions led to further experiments which uncovered what is now known as the Greenhouse effect — when gases like carbon dioxide trap heat from the sun, the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere gradually rises.