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Politics : Formerly About Advanced Micro Devices -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: i-node who wrote (1278635)11/15/2020 3:33:32 PM
From: Wharf Rat1 Recommendation

Recommended By
pocotrader

  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 1584387
 
"Do you think that silly report is a meaningful bit of science? "

I left the references out. Sorry about that.

  1. ReferencesMoghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Sah P, et al. The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(30):17513-17515.10.1073/pnas.2008373117. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
    2. Johansson MA, Quandelacy TM, Kada S, et al. Controlling COVID-19 requires preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission from people without symptoms. submitted. 2020.Lindsley WG, Blachere FM, Law BF, Beezhold DH, Noti JD. Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosols. medRxiv. 2020. doi.org.Fischer EP, Fischer MC, Grass D, Henrion I, Warren WS, Westman E. Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech. Sci Adv. 2020;6(36).10.1126/sciadv.abd3083. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Verma S, Dhanak M, Frankenfield J. Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets. Phys Fluids (1994). 2020;32(6):061708.10.1063/5.0016018. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Bahl P, Bhattacharjee S, de Silva C, Chughtai AA, Doolan C, MacIntyre CR. Face coverings and mask to minimise droplet dispersion and aerosolisation: a video case study. Thorax. 2020;75(11):1024-1025.10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215748. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Davies A, Thompson KA, Giri K, Kafatos G, Walker J, Bennett A. Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: would they protect in an influenza pandemic? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7(4):413-418.10.1017/dmp.2013.43. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Leung NHL, Chu DKW, Shiu EYC, et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nature Medicine. 2020;26(5):676-680.https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2.Bandiera L., Pavar G., Pisetta G., et al. Face coverings and respiratory tract droplet dispersion. medRxiv. 2020.10.1101/2020.08.11.20145086. doi.org.Alsved M, Matamis A, Bohlin R, et al. Exhaled respiratory particles during singing and talking. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2020.10.1080/02786826.2020.1812502.Asadi S, Wexler AS, Cappa CD, Barreda S, Bouvier NM, Ristenpart WD. Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2348.10.1038/s41598-019-38808-z. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Morawska L., Johnson GR, Ristovski ZD, et al. Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities. Aerosol Sci. 2009;40(3):256-269. sciencedirect.com.Abkarian M, Mendez S, Xue N, Yang F, Stone HA. Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(41):25237-25245.10.1073/pnas.2012156117. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Ueki H, Furusawa Y, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, et al. Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2. mSphere. 2020;5(5).10.1128/mSphere.00637-20. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F, Basson AR, Pizarro TT, Ilic S. Textile Masks and Surface Covers-A Spray Simulation Method and a “Universal Droplet Reduction Model” Against Respiratory Pandemics. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:260.10.3389/fmed.2020.00260. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Viola I.M., Peterson B., Pisetta G., et al. Face coverings, aerosol dispersion and mitigation of virus transmission risk. 2020. arxiv.org.Rengasamy S, Eimer B, Shaffer RE. Simple respiratory protection–evaluation of the filtration performance of cloth masks and common fabric materials against 20-1000 nm size particles. Ann Occup Hyg. 2010;54(7):789-798.10.1093/annhyg/meq044. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Konda A, Prakash A, Moss GA, Schmoldt M, Grant GD, Guha S. Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks. ACS Nano. 2020;14(5):6339-6347.10.1021/acsnano.0c03252. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Long KD, Woodburn EV, Berg IC, Chen V, Scott WS. Measurement of filtration efficiencies of healthcare and consumer materials using modified respirator fit tester setup. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0240499.10.1371/journal.pone.0240499. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.O’Kelly E, Pirog S, Ward J, Clarkson PJ. Ability of fabric face mask materials to filter ultrafine particles at coughing velocity. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e039424.10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039424. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Aydin O, Emon B, Cheng S, Hong L, Chamorro LP, Saif MTA. Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against the spread of COVID-19 through droplets: A quantitative mechanistic study. Extreme Mech Lett. 2020;40:100924.10.1016/j.eml.2020.100924. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Bhattacharjee S, Bahl P, Chughtai AA, MacIntyre CR. Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020;7(1).10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Maurer L, Peris D, Kerl J, Guenther F, Koehler D, Dellweg D. Community Masks During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Filtration Efficacy and Air Resistance. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2020.10.1089/jamp.2020.1635. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Hill WC, Hull MS, MacCuspie RI. Testing of Commercial Masks and Respirators and Cotton Mask Insert Materials using SARS-CoV-2 Virion-Sized Particulates: Comparison of Ideal Aerosol Filtration Efficiency versus Fitted Filtration Efficiency. Nano Lett. 2020;20(10):7642-7647.10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03182. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Whiley H, Keerthirathne TP, Nisar MA, White MAF, Ross KE. Viral Filtration Efficiency of Fabric Masks Compared with Surgical and N95 Masks. Pathogens. 2020;9(9).10.3390/pathogens9090762. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Hao W, Parasch A, Williams S, et al. Filtration performances of non-medical materials as candidates for manufacturing facemasks and respirators. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020;229:113582.10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113582. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.van der Sande M, Teunis P, Sabel R. Professional and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population. PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2618.10.1371/journal.pone.0002618. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020.10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9. doi.org.Clase CM, Fu EL, Ashur A, et al. Forgotten Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Filtration Properties of Cloth and Cloth Masks-A Narrative Review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(10):2204-2224.10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.020. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Zhao M, Liao L, Xiao W, et al. Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging. Nano Lett. 2020;20(7):5544-5552.10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Parlin AF, Stratton SM, Culley TM, Guerra PA. A laboratory-based study examining the properties of silk fabric to evaluate its potential as a protective barrier for personal protective equipment and as a functional material for face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239531.10.1371/journal.pone.0239531. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Hendrix MJ, Walde C, Findley K, Trotman R. Absence of Apparent Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Two Stylists After Exposure at a Hair Salon with a Universal Face Covering Policy – Springfield, Missouri, May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(28):930-932.10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e2. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Wang Y, Tian H, Zhang L, et al. Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(5).10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Doung-Ngern P, Suphanchaimat R, Panjangampatthana A, et al. Case-Control Study of Use of Personal Protective Measures and Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(11).10.3201/eid2611.203003. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Payne DC, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Nowak G, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members – USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(23):714-721.10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e4. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Schwartz KL, Murti M, Finkelstein M, et al. Lack of COVID-19 transmission on an international flight. Cmaj. 2020;192(15):E410.10.1503/cmaj.75015. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Freedman DO, Wilder-Smith A. In-flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a review of the attack rates and available data on the efficacy of face masks. J Travel Med. 2020.10.1093/jtm/taaa178. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Wang X, Ferro EG, Zhou G, Hashimoto D, Bhatt DL. Association Between Universal Masking in a Health Care System and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Among Health Care Workers. JAMA. 2020.10.1001/jama.2020.12897. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Mitze T., Kosfeld R., Rode J., Wälde K. Face Masks Considerably Reduce COVID-19 Cases in Germany: A Synthetic Control Method Approach. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics (Germany);2020.ISSN: 2365-9793, DP No. 13319. ftp.iza.orgGallaway MS, Rigler J, Robinson S, et al. Trends in COVID-19 Incidence After Implementation of Mitigation Measures – Arizona, January 22-August 7, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(40):1460-1463.10.15585/mmwr.mm6940e3. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Lyu W, Wehby GL. Community Use Of Face Masks And COVID-19: Evidence From A Natural Experiment Of State Mandates In The US. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(8):1419-1425.10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00818. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.Hatzius J, Struyven D, Rosenberg I. Face Masks and GDP. Goldman Sachs Research goldmansachs.com. Accessed July 8, 2020.Karaivanov A., Lu S.E., Shigeoka H., Chen C., Pamplona S. Face Masks, Public Policies And Slowing The Spread Of Covid-19: Evidence from Canada National Bureau Of Economic Research 2020.Working Paper 27891. nber.org.Chernozhukov V, Kasahara H, Schrimpf P. Causal Impact of Masks, Policies, Behavior on Early Covid-19 Pandemic in the U.S. medRxiv. 2020.10.1101/2020.05.27.20115139. medrxiv.org.Leffler CT, Ing EB, Lykins JD, Hogan MC, McKeown CA, Grzybowski A. Association of country-wide coronavirus mortality with demographics, testing, lockdowns, and public wearing of masks (updated August 4, 2020). medRxiv. 2020.10.1101/2020.05.22.20109231. medrxiv.org.



To: i-node who wrote (1278635)11/15/2020 3:44:22 PM
From: Wharf Rat1 Recommendation

Recommended By
pocotrader

  Respond to of 1584387
 
Here's some late-breaking "climate science is a thing" news...

Iota reaches hurricane strength and is forecast to hit storm-ravaged Central America as a major hurricane early next week
cnn.com
==
The Arctic is refusing to refreeze this winter. That's... worrying.
Never before has the Arctic remained this ice-free for this long into the autumn. It's a scary development that is having worldwide implications.

Eric Holthaus

It's mid-November, the sun has already set for the winter, and the Arctic is in 24-hour darkness. But the sea ice north of Siberia is basically still in a state of mid-summer.

Current sea ice extent in the Arctic is roughly equal to the summertime lows during the 1980s – two months after the typical start to the freeze-up season. There’s never been this little sea ice this late in the year, for at least a thousand years.

The worst of the unusual warmth is concentrated near Siberia, where current temperatures in the Laptev Sea are more than 20°C (36°F) warmer than normal for this time of year. Large stretches of the ocean are returning to ice for the winter, but were open water up until just a few days ago.

Scientists have begun referring to the region as the ‘new Arctic’, because fundamental ecosystem and weather shifts are happening so rapidly. Three years ago, in the first region-wide assessment under President Trump, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration wrote that the “Arctic shows no sign of returning to [the] reliably frozen region of recent past decades.” Since then, the changes have only become more stark.

For one thing, the evidence connecting the Arctic to the rest of the planet’s weather and climate system has grown stark: Melting sea ice makes weather across the entire Northern Hemisphere more extreme. Those changes are having compound and cascading effects year after year, which beget faster ice loss, which beget faster changes to the planet at large.

This year has been a shocking example. In Siberia, the combination of spring and summer thunderstorms and an impressive heat wave created enormous wildfires. In June, temperatures reached 100°F about 70 miles north of the Arctic Circle, in a multi-month heat wave scientists found was made 600 times more likely because of greenhouse gases produced by human activity. In July and August, the last fully intact ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic collapsed. By September, the Siberian fires had burned around 34 million acres, more than eight times the size of this year’s record-setting California wildfires.

On the timespan of a single human lifetime, changes this drastic are essentially unrecoverable, but that doesn’t mean catastrophe is permanent or inevitable. It means we have entered a new era in the Arctic.
People have lived and thrived in the Arctic for thousands of years, and that’s not going to change any time soon.

Right now, the Arctic Council, a group of eight nations and six Indigenous councils, is hosting the Arctic Resilience Forum, a multi-week virtual gathering of people from around the Arctic focused on building resilience of Arctic communities and ecosystems in the face of this change. The first session features a discussion of youth leaders from across the region and gives an incredible insight into the daily lives of people who call the Arctic home. I highly encourage you to check it out.

Protecting Arctic ecosystems won’t be possible until we radically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it also won’t be possible until the rest of us understand and learn from the people who know the Arctic best.

thephoenix.substack.com


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