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Strategies & Market Trends : 2026 TeoTwawKi ... 2032 Darkest Interregnum -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Follies who wrote (179016)10/1/2021 8:09:36 AM
From: TobagoJack1 Recommendation

Recommended By
maceng2

  Respond to of 217591
 
RE <<TJ can you get back to selling puts on DRD?>>

am selling put on DRD!

the whole idea that USD Up Gold Down is hilarious, and so am embracing the drubbing, thanking Almighty for the largess.

Just as the idea that CSPR ought to go down against USD and against Bitcoin is funny.

So I have been hoovering up CSPR at under 0.0851

Today, October 1st in HKG, the CSPR staking reward arrived in staking ledger on time, and this past month's earning was 0.69%, annualising to 8.25%, which, coincidentally, is on par with DRD payout's run-rate.

The two, DRD and CSPR, seem to go well together, and in theory, by simple in- / out- mathematics, can completely defray my cost of living on running basis such as it be now that we do not travel.

The whole concept is sooooooo twilight zone strange, that we can feed and be sheltered by flow of useless metal and unknowable-use crypto-coding. A knee-slapping chortle.

I can tell my kids that their dad makes a living waiting for the payouts from a crypto currency at its post-genesis stage, and from a company that vacuums up silica infused with gold specks.

Jack (11) this day asked, "so, you can pay for my college if I get into college?"
I responded, "yes, I hope so"

Gold shall take care of itself.
Casper shall take care of others.
Both shall take care of us.

Interesting race for a wager, and wondering which shall rise faster, gold, that which underpins DRD, or Casper, that which is simply itself.

I found something that made me smile, written by Milton Friedman; yes, that Milton Friedman, re Proof of Work public ledger invented and used by the people on the island of Yap en.wikipedia.org

miltonfriedman.hoover.org



also found an FT article on the same subject ...

ft.com

Bitcoin 1.0: the ancient stone money of Yap

‘The islanders’ oral ledger was so effective that it could be seen as “an exemplary ancient analogue to blockchain”’

March 4 2021

© Shonagh Rae

Another week, another wave of bitcoin surprises. Never mind that the price of the digital currency has gyrated dramatically; or that Elon Musk, the flamboyant founder of Tesla, is reported to be on course to make more profits for the company from bitcoin investment than from the manufacture of electric vehicles last year. This week it was equally striking that Citibank told its clients that the digital currency has reached a “ tipping point” and could one day “become the currency of choice for international trade”.

Cue predictable levels of celebration from bitcoin-enthusiasts — and of bemusement or horror from almost everyone else. Yet detractors and fans of the cryptocurrency both seem to agree on one thing: bitcoin is taking finance into the realm of bold 21st-century tech experiments.

Is it though? On a week such as this, it pays to take a wider historical lens — and peek at nuggets from the past, such as some research carried out in Micronesia by Scott Fitzpatrick, an archaeologist at the University of Oregon, and Oregon business school professor Stephen McKeon. The pair have been studying an ancient stone money system that once existed on the Micronesian island of Yap, where local communities would treat large limestone discs as a medium of exchange.

Such stone discs, called rai, “were considered extremely valuable”, the pair noted in a 2019 paper in the Journal of Economic Anthropology. But the stones were so huge that “given their size, weight, and relative fragility, they were not typically moved after being placed in a specific location [and] if a rai were gifted or exchanged, the new owner(s) of a disk may not have lived in close proximity to it.”

That might make them sound pretty useless as a form of money. But the local community maintained an oral ledger so effective in keeping track of who owned which hunks of immovable limestone that Fitzpatrick and McKeon concluded that rai were, as a record of value, “an exemplary ancient analogue to blockchain” (the technology that powers bitcoin).

Parallels between the two are limited. Limestone hunks cannot be subdivided as easily as bitcoin. And, since blockchain ledgers are based on (seemingly) immutable computer code, they appear more durable than communal memory. The circle of participants in bitcoin and blockchain deals is obviously exponentially larger than it was with rai — and pseudonymous to boot.

But there are other thought-provoking similarities between the two. First, rai — like bitcoin — commanded value because of perceived scarcity; just as it now requires vast amounts of effort to “mine” bitcoin (the technical term for the creation of new coins), so procuring rai was hard. The limestone discs were quarried from Palau, 400km away from Yap, then carried across the seas.

This was the most impressive piece of maritime transport logistics seen in the region until the European explorers arrived in the 18th century and mind-bogglingly difficult for the time (although significantly less environmentally damaging than the filthy process of bitcoin mining, which requires using huge amounts of electricity).

The second point of similarity is that rai only functioned like money because there was communal trust. Unlike in the conventional modern monetary system, the “trust” underpinning rai did not operate in a vertical, hierarchical manner — ie, due to faith in a leader or an institution; instead, it was “distributed” horizontally. Everyone in the crowd needed to trust that everyone else would respect the oral ledger.

Bitcoin also rests on the distributed trust of a crowd. For while computer code might seem impersonal, free from capricious human intervention, the system only works if people trust in the sanctity of that computer code. If that ever breaks down — say because of a cyber hack or a shift in norms — bitcoin would command even less value than rai does today.

There is no sign that trust in blockchain is breaking down. Indeed, the recent note from Citi claims the opposite. The key point is this: anyone betting on the currency is not just expressing faith in algorithms, but in a specific pattern of trust too (ie, that computer code means something).

That does not render bitcoin invalid or the blockchain useless; after all, the mainstream currencies on which our lives depend rely on sometimes tenuous social norms as well. One way to frame the contest between bitcoin and fiat currency is thus as a battle of norms — and of distributed versus hierarchical trust.

As the story of the rai shows, when it comes to human economies, nothing is entirely new. In fact, one rumour periodically buzzing round the crypto-world is that this is where the mysterious progenitors of bitcoin got their inspiration (which is why some bitcoin blogs have titles that include the word “Yap”). Perhaps Musk’s next trip should be to Micronesia, where those now-useless stone circles still litter the landscape as a sign of what happens when norms and patterns of trust change

Hear Gillian and Mark Carney, UN special envoy on climate action and finance, former governor of the Bank of England and author, in discussion at the FT Weekend Digital Festival, March 18-20; ftweekendfestival.com; ftweekendfestival.com

Follow Gillian on Twitter @gilliantett and email her at gillian.tett@ft.com

Follow @FTMag on Twitter to find out about our latest stories first. Listen to our podcast, Culture Call, where FT editors and special guests discuss life and art in the time of coronavirus. Subscribe on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you listen.

Letters in response to this article:

Where the piggy bank has stood the test of time / From Federica Gerber, The Hague, The Netherlands

Bitcoin owes much to ‘hawala’ money exchange / From Andrew Q Eck, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary, US Treasury, Alexandria, VA, US



To: Follies who wrote (179016)2/21/2022 12:27:47 AM
From: TobagoJack  Respond to of 217591
 
Re <<DRD>>

DRD is fine and getting prettier with each passing day, going ultra hyper green, building own solar power contraption to enhance cloud gold ATM operation at just the right time. Controls cost, cuts carbon foot print, ensures sustainable and uninterrupted operations

We like

miningweekly.com

DRDGold building initial 20 MW solar, 100 MW storage at Ergo gold operation


Martin Creamer

JOHANNESBURG (miningweekly.com) – With a view to reducing its carbon footprint as well as addressing the uncertainty of the supply and cost of electricity, surface gold mining company DRDGold has taken a decision to construct a solar power plant and a power storage facility at Ergo, the gold from mine waste operation on the East Rand.

The board of the Johannesburg- and New York-listed company has approved the capital expenditure for the first phase, involving the upgrade of the existing supply line to the Brakpan/Withok tailings storage facility to 88 kVA, the construction of an initial 20 MW photovoltaic plant, and ten power storage facilities of 10 MW each. (Also watch attached Creamer Media video.)

This will be another important thrust across DRDGold’s already far-reaching environmental, social and governance (ESG) spectrum.

“The first phase – that which is going to happen in the near term, as soon as Eskom gives us the go-ahead to do the upgrading of the line, which we believe is imminent – we'll do ourselves,” DRDGold CEO Niël Pretoriustold Mining Weekly in a Zoom interview.

“The board's happy for us to do that ourselves. We’re a company that does not have any debt, we’ve got in excess of R2-billion in the bank. This is a project where we think green funding would be really well suited, maybe some sort of a green bond, because of the nature and how it delivers into the ESG aspect, as well as carbon reduction. All of those details we would want to share with the market once we’ve sealed them, and once we know that they are what we think they are,” Pretorius said.

Storage was something that the surface gold recovery company was intent on doing regardless of the incorporation of solar.

“We were going to charge these batteries off the Eskom grid during off-peak periods, and then draw during peak periods. Just the saving of not having to pay the premium for that charge during peak period was going to be enough to justify the storage itself. The storage is even more compelling, financially speaking or commercially than the solar panels themselves but it's a good match and you want them both,” Pretorius added.

Regarding the need for considerable land when going solar, he said: “We have plenty of land. I think DRDGold is probably one of the largest landowners in Johannesburg, with north of 6 000 ha. But there, right next to the Ergo plant, is more than sufficient land where we can build the plant, locate the solar panels as well as the storage facility, which is modular in design. This will be linked to the Eskom grid, and also feed back into the grid, hopefully to ultimately also draw power at some of the other operations against some of the units that go back into the grid. It's a project that's been five years in the making. We were cautious to begin with in terms of the sort of technology that we wanted to invest in.

“The model wasn't entirely convincing initially, but I think we've reached the stage now where both the volatility of supply, the quality of supply and also the pricing of supply – those things have just escalated to a point where you simply cannot wait any longer. The technology has also rapidly improved in the near past.

“The panels now compared with the panels of five years ago show quantum improvement in terms of efficiency, quality and durability. We’re in a high hail belt and so all those factors were important considerations. We're starting out initially with roughly one-third of what the total project design envisages over a longer period of time, and we are setting it up in such a way that we are feeding back into the Eskom grid, not the municipal grid. We could not get the municipality across the line, they wouldn't sign consents, they wouldn't budge. They literally stonewalled this thing, so we had to find a way to get back straight into Eskom and their grid. Hence the 88 kVA line that is going to go into the Eskom substation, at the Brakpan tailings dam. That's the first phase and that enables us because it goes directly into the Eskom grid and then also ultimately takes advantage of the units fed in and drawing those units, being credited for those units, at some of the other operations. In terms of costs, we’re still weighing up the option of doing this off balance sheet by way of some sort of powerproducer entity.

“The model is just so robust, though. The return on investment is just so robust on the saving aspect only, not even taking into account the fact that you will be reducing the disruption of power supply. We’re turning these numbers over in our heads, deciding how much of it we should be funding ourselves, and how much of the upside do we really want to give away,” Pretorius said.

Mining Weekly: Are you confident of the storage aspect?

Pretorius: Storage was something that we were going to do regardless of whether we were going to do the solar panels, because we were going to charge these batteries off the Eskom grid during off-peak periods, and then draw during peak periods. Just the saving of not having to pay the premium for that charge during peak period was going to be enough to justify the storage itself. The storage is even more compelling, financially speaking, or commercially, than the solar panels themselves but it's a good match and you want them both.

What about also generating green energy at the Far West GoldRecoveries operation?

Sibanye-Stillwater is also looking at various plants across their footprint. I’m not quite sure how much of that is in the public domain. But there, we would be looking at a collaboration. Initially, until such time as that does come to fruition, we would want to draw surplus units back into the grid at Far West. Hence, the reason why we want to tie into the Eskom grid, but that will be what we do until such time as we decide on a collaboration with Sibanye-Stillwater. But we don't have any immediate plans to go solar in the Far West, rather just take advantage of maybe surplus units being fed back into the grid at Ergo.

How green is DRDGold’s valley and what do you have in mind to make it even greener?

The point most often overlooked and we probably don't emphasise it enough is the fact that we don't generate any waste. We produce a metal, we produce gold, but we don't produce waste in the process. In fact, what we do is take waste where it has become either inconvenient, or where it poses a risk, we process it through a process which we believe is sustainable and value-adding and we then store it somewhere else, in a facility that is being run at a different standard and that does not pose the same risk or bring with it the same nuisance that the waste we've removed poses, where we recovered it from. That's one of the features that makes the company unique is the fact that we do not add to the amount of mine waste on the surface of this planet. Secondly, the fact that we've been migrating consistently towards recycled water, and that we have a closed water circuit, so that no water goes to waste other than through evaporation and everything is used and used again, and we can reach the furthest corners of our operation from our central water plant. The reduction in potable water usage has stood us in good stead also in terms of let's call it our environmental value-add or our environmental dividend. The burden that we're imposing in that regard on other users, and the fact that we’re not competing for potable water to the extent that we were ten years ago, I think that that adds significantly to the environmental value proposition that we pursue. What's worse is the fact that recycled water is also a lot cheaper than the water that you would get from Rand Refineryand I think that's the sort of constant theme in many of these projects that we pursue, we really want to try and create an integrated value, if I may use the MBA term. We want to invest in power not only because it's good for the environment, but also because it reduces our risk and it reduces our costs. We developed our centralised water plant and we built the recycled water plant at one of the sewage plants. We did that not only because we want to have a lighter footprint environmentally, but it also costs us less money and it derisks the business. Sustainable development is a wonderful notion and I'm a big disciple of one of the pioneers of sustainable development, Paul Polman, and I've read some of his work quite extensively. I’ve studied it, and if you can achieve that, if you can bring about multi-layered overlapping value, where your investment in the one also impacts or adds to the value in the other capital stocks that form part of the sustainable development suite, that's really how you set your business up in terms of resilience and longevity. That's really key to our thinking that that's really what we want to try and achieve as a corporation.

Sent from my iPad