To: Pogeu Mahone who wrote (188049 ) 5/26/2022 12:52:54 PM From: Haim R. Branisteanu 1 RecommendationRecommended By
Read Replies (1) | Respond to Trusting the Russians and NATO sleeping at the switchThe 3M-54 Kalibr , (??????, caliber ), also referred to it as 3M54-1 Kalibr , 3M14 Biryuza (??????, turquoise ), ( NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A ), 91R1 , and 91RT2 , is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by the Novator Design Bureau ( OKB-8 ). There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship , anti-submarine and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that target's defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a warhead weighing up to 500 kg of explosive or a thermonuclear warhead. Operational history[ edit ] Caspian Sea at 11 targets in Syria during the Syrian Civil War . [8] Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State ) but primarily in Idlib province (controlled by the Free Syrian Army and Nusra Front ). [9] US DoD officials alleged that four missiles crashed in Iran . [10] The US officials offered no evidence while Russian and Iranian governments denied the claim of missile crash. [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] ISIL from the Improved Kilo -class submarine B-237 Rostov-on-Don deployed in the Mediterranean. [17] [18] Buyan-class corvette Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov deployed in the eastern Mediterranean, and struck al-Nusra targets in the Aleppo province.[ citation needed ][19] Admiral Grigorovich fired at least three missiles against targets in Idlib and Homs provinces, Syria, in the opening stages of the decisive offensive on Aleppo . [20] [21] Admiral Essen and submarine Krasnodar launched four missiles against targets east of Palmyra, Syria. [22] [23] [24] Admiral Grigorovich and Admiral Essen , and the submarine Krasnodar fired six Kalibr missiles at ISIL arms depot targets in Hama. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Admiral Essen fired some Kalibr missiles on ISIL targets (command posts, a communications center, a facility repairing armored vehicles, and arms and ammunition depots) as part of an operation to take Deir ez-Zor.[ citation needed ]Veliky Novgorod and Kolpino fired seven Kalibr missiles on ISIL targets (command posts, communications centers and ammunition depots) in the south-east of Deir ez-Zor. [30] Veliky Novgorod fired at least three Kalibr missiles on al-Nusra in the Idlib province. The missile strike destroyed command centers, training bases and armored vehicles. [31] Veliky Novgorod and Kolpino launched 10 Kalibr missiles. The strikes were to support Syrian troops conducting a ground offensive in Deir-ez-Zor province. [32] [33] On 31 Veliky Novgorod launched 3 Kalibr missiles. The strikes were again to support Syrian troops conducting a ground offensive in Deir-ez-Zor province.[ citation needed ]On 3 Kolpino launched 6 Kalibr missiles from a submerged position. Missiles hit terrorists' strongholds, weapon and ammunition depots, concentrations of militants, and important command centres near Abu Kamal, Deir-ez-Zor. [34] [35] Idlib province , Syria where the Sukhoi Su-25 attack aircraft of Major Roman Filipov was shot down, killing about 30. [36] 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , several unconfirmed reports indicated widespread usage of Kalibr missiles in strikes against strategic and non-combat targets across Ukraine. [37] The opening assault is said to have included about 30 missiles. [38] VariantsVIDEO
