To: Tenchusatsu who wrote (1421229 ) 10/7/2023 2:40:08 PM From: Broken_Clock Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 1574097 Let's go with the folks in the room at the time tenshitsyou: Four researchers who worked with Malone in the 80s and 90s described him as a brilliant scientist whose strong-headedness often put him at odds with academic mentors or supervisors. “Robert could be pretty wacky,” another former colleague said. In the late 1980s, Malone was working at the Salk Institute when he teamed up with a scientist at Vical, Inc. named Dr. Phil Felgner for what Nature magazine calls a “ landmark experiment. ” Dr. Felgner invented the first lipid nanoparticle. Malone mixed the fatty bubbles with messenger RNA, and together, they showed the mixture could spur human cells in a dish to make proteins. Malone later joined Felgner at Vical, where they were the first people to introduce these fatty bubbles carrying mRNA into mice. Malone and Felgner are listed on several papers and patent filings together. Still, it would take decades of innovations from other labs to develop the mRNA COVID vaccines used today. “We have to put all the pieces together. And we didn’t have all the pieces back then. But we had one really interesting piece,” said Dr. Felgner. Felgner, now the director of the Vaccine Research and Development Center at UC Irvine, has been recognized internationally for his contributions to the mRNA vaccines . Some former colleagues feel Malone deserves recognition for conceptualizing the experiments.“There were a half-dozen people at Vical who really contributed to this,” said one Vical employee. “But who was the brainchild? Who came up with the idea? It was Robert [Malone].” 10news.com