To: Analog Kid  who wrote (7 ) 2/18/1998 11:43:00 PM From: Skeeter Bug     Respond to    of 15  
from the good dr...  very interesting technology... By JUDY SIEGEL      JERUSALEM (February 19) - Israeli scientists have become the first to "coax"     individual biological     molecules into forming an electric circuit.     This marriage of biotechnology and electronics will eventually make possible the     production of a     transistor sized 1/100,000th of the width of a human hair, 100th or less of the space     required today.     The breakthrough was accomplished by Prof. Uri Sivan, Dr. Erez Braun and Dr. Yoav     Eichen of the     Technion.     "In conventional micro-electronics, you start trying to reduce size as much as possible,     from the top     down. In a biological system, you begin with information in the DNA and build from     bottom to top,"     Sivan explained yesterday on the eve of publication of their discovery in Nature. "No     one can     manually arrange molecules of this size - which can be viewed only via an atomic force     microscope -     so we had to use molecules in which all chemical information is coded, allowing     self-assembly into     structures based on chemical selectivity."     He added that the basic problem that had to be overcome is that "if you look for a     system that builds     itself, the molecules are insulated and don't transfer electricity; metals, which do pass     electrons, don't     self-assemble. We therefore decided to integrate biological and electronic materials to     take     advantage of both properties."     The Technion team produced a preliminary demonstration of an enabling technology     that uses     processes of molecular recognition unique to biological molecules and place miniature     electronic     components in molecular sites to form a complete electronic circuit.     They placed conducting electrodes on an insulating substrate while connecting the outer     parts of the     electrodes externally to a computer, for example, while the internal part was coated     with short DNA     molecules.     Each of the DNA molecules had a defined and different "genetic" code for each     electrode.     Then long-stranded DNA molecules with complementary sequences were stretched     between the     electrodes, based on molecular recognition, so a complete DNA network was created.     This     network didn't conduct electrons, but it served as an "intelligent" template for the     assembly of the     electronic circuit by coating it with a conducting metal.     In a series of experiments, the scientists demonstrated their concept by producing a     conducting     metal wire connecting two gold electrodes 12 microns apart. The diameter of the wire     was 100     nanometers (each of these is 1/100,000th of the width of a human hair).     "The applications could take 20 years, but they are virtually infinite," explained Sivan.     "Using     transistors of this size, you could store all knowledge printed in every book in the     world inside a     cube 1/5 of a millimeter in each direction. Our work was basic science, and     applications in     nanoelectronics are still far off, but this alternative technology to micro-electronics will     allow the     production of devices that are 100-300 times smaller, with higher complexity, at a     lower cost.     Beyond the miniaturization, the innovation will make possible entirely new logic based     on extensive     connectivity."