To: Brumar89 who wrote (1429141 ) 12/17/2023 7:58:41 AM From: Eric 1 RecommendationRecommended By
Respond to Yep,History History of the Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Act of 1813 . [89] The history of the FDA can be traced to the latter part of the 19th century and the Division of Chemistry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , [90] which itself derived from the Copyright and Patent Clause . Under Harvey Washington Wiley , appointed chief chemist in 1883, the Division began conducting research into the adulteration and misbranding of food and drugs on the American market. [90] Wiley's advocacy came at a time when the public had become aroused to hazards in the marketplace by muckraking journalists like Upton Sinclair , and became part of a general trend for increased federal regulations in matters pertinent to public safety during the Progressive Era . [91] The Biologics Control Act of 1902 was put in place after a diphtheria antitoxin derived from tetanus-contaminated serum caused the deaths of thirteen children in St. Louis, Missouri. The serum was originally collected from a horse named Jim who had contracted tetanus. [92] Harvey W. Wiley , chief advocate of the Food and Drug Act Theodore Roosevelt signed into law the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 , also known as the "Wiley Act" after its chief advocate. [91] [90] The Act prohibited, under penalty of seizure of goods, the interstate transport of food that had been "adulterated". [90] The Act applied similar penalties to the interstate marketing of "adulterated" drugs, in which the "standard of strength, quality, or purity" of the active ingredient was not either stated clearly on the label or listed in the United States Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary . [93] [90] [91] Wiley used these new regulatory powers to pursue an aggressive campaign against the manufacturers of foods with chemical additives, but the Chemistry Bureau's authority was soon checked by judicial decisions, which narrowly defined the bureau's powers and set high standards for proof of fraudulent intent. [91] In 1927, the Bureau of Chemistry's regulatory powers were reorganized under a new USDA body, the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration. [94] This name was shortened to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) three years later. [95] muckraking journalists, consumer protection organizations, and federal regulators began mounting a campaign for stronger regulatory authority by publicizing a list of injurious products that had been ruled permissible under the 1906 law, including radioactive beverages , mascara that could cause blindness, and worthless "cures" for diabetes and tuberculosis . [90] The resulting proposed law did not get through the Congress of the United States for five years, but was rapidly enacted into law following the public outcry over the 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which over 100 people died after using a drug formulated with a toxic, untested solvent. [96] en.wikipedia.org
