To: nicewatch who wrote (1567211 ) 10/24/2025 1:26:20 AM From: Heywood40 1 RecommendationRecommended By Eric
Respond to of 1570113 When I was an ATC, they taught us a lot of weather. The Coriolis effect is what causes air masses to move counter-clockwise around a low pressure area (in the northern hemisphere). I thought I understood the Coriolis effect at the time, but it wasn't until I studied helicopter aerodynamics that I really got it. Consider the rotor blades in hover, cutting through the air, generating equal lift through 360 degrees. Then start flying. At a forward speed of 60 MPH, the advancing blade is moving through the air 120 MPH faster than the retreating blade. You can't have more lift on one side than the other, though, or the helicopter would just roll over. In order to dissipate that extra lift, the advancing blade is allowed to "flap" up, which decreases the extra lift it gets from that higher airspeed. Then it "flaps" down on the retreating side, where the blade's airspeed is lower. If you ever have the opportunity to see a helicopter flying directly toward you, you will be able to see that the blades on the right side of the helicopter are higher than the blades on the left side, for helicopters manufactured in the US. European helicopters, of course, rotate in the opposite direction, and the effect is reversed on them. When the advancing blade flaps up, the tip of the blade moves closer to the axis of the rotor shaft, or the center of rotation. That's where the Coriolis effect happens. Because the tip of the blade has moved closer to the center of rotation, its inertia forces it to move forward. It has the same energy, but is moving on a shorter radius (and a shorter circumference), and its mass and inertia force it to accelerate along that shorter path. The forward motion is referred to as lead. On it's way down, on the retreating blade side, it slows as its radius and circumference increase, which, again, due to its mass and inertia cause it to slow down, and move behind its neutral position. That motion is referred to as lag. Viewed from the top, (you'd need a high speed camera to see it) the blades will be forward of where you would expect them on the advancing blade side, and behind where you would expect them on the retreating blade side. Every revolution of the rotor has the blades flapping up, leading, flapping down, lagging. That's a lot of motion taking place where the rotors attach to the hub. Part of the helicopter daily inspection is to take a very close look at the connections between the rotor blades and the hub, and to apply vertical and lateral manual force to the blades to make sure there's no play there. My apologies if you already know all this... maybe someone else will find it interesting.