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To: djane who wrote (46106)5/5/1998 10:53:00 PM
From: Pat Hughes  Read Replies (4) | Respond to of 61433
 
Hey djane,
Keep up the good work.
Much appreciated here.

Thanks,
Pat Hughes



To: djane who wrote (46106)5/6/1998 1:33:00 AM
From: djane  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 61433
 
More Landis sightings pumping networking chip companies. LA Times article

latimes.com

Excerpt:
"To Kevin Landis, manager of the Technology Value Fund in San Jose, the frenzy
around Broadcom--and the stocks of Yahoo, America Online() and
Amazon.com()--represents "a bet that Internet traffic will grow big
time, which means that infrastructure has to grow big time."
He emphasizes that Broadcom isn't the only networking-chip maker out there, and
some of the best-positioned are based in Southern California. Landis particularly likes
Applied Micro Circuits() of San Diego and Vitesse Semiconductor of Camarillo.
Both sell primarily to builders of high-capacity "backbone" data networks. However,
Vitesse belongs to a select group of chip makers who use not silicon but a material called
gallium arsenide that speeds up electronic signals.
Landis has owned Vitesse for a long while, and it has paid off handsomely, almost
doubling in the past year and scheduled to split on May 26. With revenue up 64% in the
March quarter, the chip maker is in the midst of a healthy sales cycle. Applied Micro is
showing similar strong growth for its bandwidth-enhancing semiconductors. Though it's
only been a public company for about six months, don't mistake it for a start-up. It was
founded in 1979 and earned a very un-start-up-like 23 cents a share for its most recent
quarter.
PairGain Technologies() and Cymer() are the
dominant players in their niches, Landis says, but those young, esoteric markets haven't
quite reached critical mass. He says patience will be rewarded. PairGain, of Tustin,
provides "digital subscriber line," or DSL, systems to telecom and Internet service
providers to boost the data capacity of conventional copper wires. Analysts had
expected enthusiastic adoption of the technology by the Baby Bells, and although they
are all customers of PairGain, high volume has been slow in coming. Consequently,
PairGain has been posting flat revenue and earnings and losing believers.
Cymer's promise is in its virtual monopoly of deep ultraviolet laser technology(
), which is critical to the next generation of semiconductors. The power of chips
increases as silicon circuitry shrinks from merely microscopic to infinitesimal. That's
where Cymer comes in. But the San Diego company hasn't escaped the pain in Asia,
which slammed the brakes on chip makers' investments in new equipment. This year
doesn't look terrific for the company or the industry, but most analysts believe the
malaise will pass. "Regardless of whether it's a quick or slow recovery," said Landis,
"Cymer will have a great 1999 and 2000."

Tuesday, May 5, 1998

Success Is Near. Up-and-coming companies right here in Southern California offer promising investment opportunities, analysts say.

By EDWARD SILVER, Times Staff Writer

Just over two weeks ago, two brainy guys from UCLA took their Irvine company
public in one of the most spectacular offerings of this or any other year. The firm,
Broadcom Corp., develops silicon chips for high-speed data transmission, placing it
squarely on the leading edge of Internet technology, the sector that's been generating a
heat wave on Wall Street.
Broadcom's shares were originally priced in the low teens, but that was pumped up
to $24 before the debut. First trade: $62. Recently the stock was changing hands at
about $53, bestowing upon Broadcom a market value of $2.3 billion--a sign of great
expectations, considering that it took in only $37 million in revenue last year.
Clearly, it's not just the northern half of California that incubates small companies with
big futures. Investors, look around you. If, as Peter Lynch said, it pays to take a stake in
companies whose quality can be observed firsthand, then it can be profitable to live in
Southern California.
The region has more than regained its footing after the early1990s recession and
aerospace collapse. If the five largest counties in Southern California were a separate
country, its $476-billion economy would rank it 12th on the planet.
And the population of dynamic public companies based here not only boasts of a
constellation of high-tech stars--the trademark of the northern half--but a galaxy of
little-known up-and-comers in a wide range of industries.
In fact, the next huge Internet initial public offering might be launched from Santa
Monica. More than 1.7 million people have joined online communities hosted by
GeoCities, making it one of the most visited sites on the World Wide Web. With the
ability to attract all those eyeballs, the young company is working to boost revenue from
advertising and other forms of electronic commerce. At the same time, GeoCities is
building up its executive ranks in preparation for going public this year.
"The region has a very robust entrepreneurial spirit and an awful lot of brainpower,"
said Van Kasper, founder of the Van Kasper & Co. investment bank in San Francisco,
which focuses 80% of its research on California companies.
"There are historical reasons that brought this together--I have seen it happen with my
own eyes. We are trying to expand our coverage of Southern California. We think it's
more diverse than the specialized economy you have in Northern California. Perhaps the
best is yet to come."
Kasper recommends putting some of your eggs into a basket of SoCal stocks that
includes thriving companies as well as those he believes soon will be.
At the top of Kasper's list is Santa Ana-based First American Financial, which
provides financial and information services to property buyers and mortgage
lenders--services including title insurance, credit-reporting and home warranties.
FAF, Kasper said, is "taking off like a rocket," turbocharged by the state's residential
and commercial real estate resurgence. Indeed, the stock, at a recent $72, has risen from
$21 a year ago. The company has been reporting record results, and the merger mania in
financial services hasn't hurt.
Kasper is also high on Xylan, a Calabasas tech company that develops local-area
networking gear. Trading at a recent $29, Xylan has regained some of its luster on Wall
Street after product delays hurt its 1997 performance. It, like Broadcom, it had a
euphoric IPO, then tumbled almost to single digits, but the promise of its technology
remains intact, Kasper says.
Another innovator Kasper likes is Rainbow Technologies() of
Irvine. He calls Rainbow a leader in products that protect software from being pirated, a
growing need as the industry pushes into new markets around the globe. It is also
applying its encryption expertise to communications networks, including the Internet.
In Signature Eyewear(), Kasper sees a winning demographic play.
Inglewood-based Signature designs fashionable frames for prescription glasses, recently
launching a line under the Eddie Bauer name. Stagnant revenues have kept the
little-followed stock low. As baby boomers age and most will need glasses, however,
eye wear that doubles as an accessory might be just what the optometrist ordered.
To Kevin Landis, manager of the Technology Value Fund in San Jose, the frenzy
around Broadcom--and the stocks of Yahoo, America Online() and
Amazon.com()--represents "a bet that Internet traffic will grow big
time, which means that infrastructure has to grow big time."
He emphasizes that Broadcom isn't the only networking-chip maker out there, and
some of the best-positioned are based in Southern California. Landis particularly likes
Applied Micro Circuits() of San Diego and Vitesse Semiconductor of Camarillo.
Both sell primarily to builders of high-capacity "backbone" data networks. However,
Vitesse belongs to a select group of chip makers who use not silicon but a material called
gallium arsenide that speeds up electronic signals.
Landis has owned Vitesse for a long while, and it has paid off handsomely, almost
doubling in the past year and scheduled to split on May 26. With revenue up 64% in the
March quarter, the chip maker is in the midst of a healthy sales cycle. Applied Micro is
showing similar strong growth for its bandwidth-enhancing semiconductors. Though it's
only been a public company for about six months, don't mistake it for a start-up. It was
founded in 1979 and earned a very un-start-up-like 23 cents a share for its most recent
quarter.
PairGain Technologies() and Cymer() are the
dominant players in their niches, Landis says, but those young, esoteric markets haven't
quite reached critical mass. He says patience will be rewarded. PairGain, of Tustin,
provides "digital subscriber line," or DSL, systems to telecom and Internet service
providers to boost the data capacity of conventional copper wires. Analysts had
expected enthusiastic adoption of the technology by the Baby Bells, and although they
are all customers of PairGain, high volume has been slow in coming. Consequently,
PairGain has been posting flat revenue and earnings and losing believers.
Cymer's promise is in its virtual monopoly of deep ultraviolet laser technology(
), which is critical to the next generation of semiconductors. The power of chips
increases as silicon circuitry shrinks from merely microscopic to infinitesimal. That's
where Cymer comes in. But the San Diego company hasn't escaped the pain in Asia,
which slammed the brakes on chip makers' investments in new equipment. This year
doesn't look terrific for the company or the industry, but most analysts believe the
malaise will pass. "Regardless of whether it's a quick or slow recovery," said Landis,
"Cymer will have a great 1999 and 2000."
Landis' partner at Technology Value, Ken Kam, tracks the medical tech world. San
Diego has emerged as the industry capital, and Kam has been buying shares of
companies based there. Aurora Biosciences develops not drugs but systems that help
pharmaceutical companies discover drugs. The selling point of its screening products is
their speed.
"It's like using a computer to do your taxes instead of an abacus," Kam said, ticking
off Aurora's virtues: partnerships with Merck, Eli Lilly and other top drug companies; it
turned a 2-cent profit last year, which sets it apart from the money-losing pack; and
down the road, Aurora could see drug royalties on top of current license fees. Indeed,
even though the shares sell for less than $10, the Street is bullish. The three analysts who
cover the company rate it strong buy, according to Zacks Investment Research.
Kam has less company when it comes to Amylin Pharmaceuticals(
). Amylin's primary compound, pramlinitide, is targeted at diabetics. It has been
proved effective in advanced clinical trials with Type I sufferers but not with Type II.
Unfortunately for Amylin, the latter are the majority. Moreover, the company has been
racking up losses and was abandoned by its marketing partner, Johnson & Johnson(
).
Nevertheless, Kam says, Amylin has enough cash to fund its operations while it seeks
final Food and Drug Administration approval of pramlinitide. And based on the drug's
success with Type I diabetes, he believes the shares, recently around $5, sell for only
half their value.
Portfolio manager Robert Schwarz()kopf says his firm, Kayne Anderson
Investment Management in Century City, identified investment-worthy banks by their
soundness during the Southern California recession of the early 1990s. They were small
institutions with strong positions in their localities and were managed by their founding
families. Two were San Diego Financial and Santa Barbara Bancorp(
). Since then, San Diego Financial was acquired by First Interstate, now part of
Wells Fargo. But the latter remains among his favorites.
The resort town's economy spurred Santa Barbara Bancorp's net income to a 29%
gain in 1997, and Schwarzkopf expects the bank's profitability to continue to outdo the
industry average.
P. Gordon Hodge, an analyst with NationsBank Montgomery Securities(), is
part of Univision Communications()' growing audience on Wall Street.
He exuberantly recommends the Spanish-language TV broadcaster, which is so
dominant that it draws 87% of prime-time viewers of Spanish-language TV, according to
the most recent sweeps. That translated into strong results in the most recent quarter,
with earnings up 47%. Hodge forecasts profit growth exceeding 30% annually for the
next three to five years.
Henry Cisneros, the former U.S. Housing and Urban Development secretary,
recently joined Century City-based Univision as president. His prestige and
persuasiveness have helped loosen the purse strings of big advertisers who want to
address the rapidly growing Latino population. "Cisneros has been effective at opening
doors among Fortune 500 companies and elevating the profile of Univision and the
Hispanic community in general," Hodge said.
From television networks back to computer networks. When it comes to information
technology, health care, arguably the nation's largest industry, is playing catch-up. It's
now in a hurry to computerize its vast inventory of data and records and electronically
link its workers. San Diego-based Daou Systems() is in the forefront
of designing and managing those complex networks for hospitals and large medical
organizations.
The stock was a momentum play and spiked from the single digits to $34 last year.
Then it took a tumble, as Hambrecht & Quist analyst Dirk Godsey put it, for "coming in
half a penny per share below estimates" for the December quarter. Godsey is keeping his
eyes on hospitals' long-term, large-scale need for automation and keeping a "strong buy"
rating on Daou. And he wasn't surprised when the company reported record
revenue--up 80%--and earnings at the high range of expectations in April. "They are in
great shape financially and will get better throughout the year," Godsey said.
Another thing that hospitals need more of--a lot more of--is disposable gloves.
Analyst Melissa Wilmoth of Salomon() Smith Barney calls those
produced by Safeskin the "best gloves in the world," particularly because they are the
least likely to cause allergic reactions. San Diego-based Safeskin churns them out by the
billions in Southeast Asia. However, demand still far outstrips capacity, so the company
is expanding its facilities to double annual output to 8 billion by the end of this year.
Who's buying them? Safeskin sells mainly to hospitals and just signed a six-year deal
to supply giant Columbia/HCA. But Wilmoth says the potential worldwide market is
much broader and in its early stages. Think doctors' clinics, dentists' offices and industrial
settings such as the antiseptic "clean rooms" where silicon chips are manufactured.
With net income up 75% in 1997, Safeskin has been discovered by Wall Street, and
at a recent $36 a share, it's not cheap. So Wilmoth rates it an "outperform" rather than a
"buy," but says if the ramp-up goes well, her profit forecasts of $1.17 per share in 1999
and $1.52 in 2000 could easily be exceeded.
ViaSat() is better than a defense-conversion story; it's an
expansion-into-commercial-markets story while its defense business continues to grow.
Carlsbad-based ViaSat makes Earth-based components for certain types of satellite
networks that transmit voice and data. Government contracts and deals with defense
giants such as Lockheed Martin produce the lion's share of revenue, but it is the
emerging "direct-to-home telephony" business that has Needham & Co. analyst Rich
Valera interested.
"In the developing world," he said, "the most affordable way to get phone service is
to actually use satellites." There are rival designs for getting such a network to fly, but
Valera calls the ViaSat approach "the low-cost solution." Various Asian customers,
notably the Indian stock exchange, have deployed ViaSat's technology. The company's
balance sheet is healthy, and Valera expects 20% to 25% annual growth, while the
stock, beaten down to a recent $15 by the Nasdaq sell-off, looks to him like a bargain.
While ViaSat's star is rising in wireless, Tekelec() is prospering in
land lines. The Calabasas-based telecom equipment provider has been on a tear since
late 1996. With the company reporting profit for the March quarter that was almost
double Wall Street forecasts on a 70% surge in revenue, the stock is still moving up fast.
The key to Tekelec's growth is its Eagle switch, a software-laden device that makes
telecom networks more "intelligent." The Eagle's competitive edge, says Eric Zimits, a
communications technology analyst with Hambrecht & Quist, is a feature that enables
phone companies to enter a competitor's territory and sign up new customers without
requiring them to change phone numbers.
This "local number portability," as it's called, fits into the federal deregulation
mandate, and it's what Zimits expects to continue to push the stock ahead.
Though Southern California is rife with high-potential stocks, as even this
less-than-comprehensive survey shows, no one is suggesting that geography should
dictate investment strategy. Big winners come from all corners of the nation. In the long
run, it's likely that knowledge of an industry will pay off more than knowledge of a
region. But there are many ways to be successful in the market, notes John Bollinger,
who writes the Capital Growth Letter in Manhattan Beach.
"One way is to invest in companies you do business with directly, or those whose
offices you drive by on the way to work," he said. "For many people, this is an important
factor in what investing is all about. If the companies you know and see in your area are
what you are comfortable with, it allows you to sleep better at night."

* * *

SoCal Picks
A look at one-year and six-month percentage price changes in a selection of stocks
favored by analysts in the accompanying story.


Stock % price % price
price on chg. over chg. over
Name Ticker 4/17/98 6 months one year
Amylin Pharmaceuticals AMLN $3.56 --60% --68%
Applied Micro Circuits AMCC 25.56 NA NA
Aurora Biosciences ABSC 11.13 --25 NA
Cymer CYMI 25.13 -14 21
Daou Systems DAOU 20.88 --26 255
First American Financial FAF 67.13 55 196
PairGain Technologies PAIR 20.25 --27 --19
Rainbow Technologies RNBO 26.75 --2 63
Safeskin SFSK 36.63 64 251
Santa Barbara Bancorp SABB 28.94 22 78
Signature Eyewear SEYE $8.50 15 NA
Tekelec TKLC 45.75 13 341
Univision Communications UVN 37.00 17 118
ViaSat VSAT 15.00 --31 43
Vitesse Semiconductor VTSS 54.69 20 76
Xylan XYLN 29.31 30 115

Source: Market Guide()

Copyright Los Angeles Times



To: djane who wrote (46106)5/6/1998 1:56:00 AM
From: djane  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 61433
 
5/4/98 Schaff analysis. Lucent's Networking Splash [ASND reference]

Leading telecom equipment company continues
aggressive expansion with acquisition of ATM vendor
Yurie Systems

pubs.cmpnet.com

By William Schaff

I've written in the past about Yurie Systems Inc. (YURI), a
leading ATM access equipment vendor to telecom
carriers, Internet service providers, and enterprise users. I've
also covered Lucent Technologies (LU), the leading
telecommunications infrastructure equipment company. With
cash burning a hole in Lucent's pocket, the vendor plunked down
$1 billion for Yurie and simplified my job by merging into one
company. More important, the acquisition makes a big splash
within the networking community, since the line between
networking and telecommunications infrastructure has become
increasingly blurry.

Even before it acquired Yurie, Lucent has been aggressively
expanding its data-networking capability for WANs, LANs, and
remote-office users. For example, Lucent acquired Livingston
Enterprises late last year to help deliver integrated
remote-access solutions to ISPs and enterprise networks.
Prominet Corp., a leader in Gigabit Ethernet-scaled campus
networking technology, was acquired early this year to address
the campus backbone. Gigabit Ethernet lets network managers
deliver more bandwidth than ever to growing LANs and
high-performing desktops. With Yurie, Lucent adds a technology
leader in the ATM access market segment that focuses on the
concentration of voice, data, and multimedia traffic on top of
carrier backbones.

Most IT managers already receive both economic and
operational benefits from service providers migrating to ATM at
the core. ATM equipment costs are becoming more competitive
with time division multiplexing (TDM) and frame relay
equipment. Since the overall equipment cost is comparable,
economics are driven by operational and bandwidth costs.

ATM is more cost-efficient than either TDM or frame relay in
handling different traffic types with different priorities and service
levels. In a commoditized and competitive world, part of these
cost savings will eventually find their way into users' pockets.
Most carriers already understand the benefits to their core
backbone, but they can also see the benefits for the WAN.
Historically, frame relay switches have been used to aggregate
low-speed access lines to a router, as ATM has been overkill for
noisy, low-speed links. With Yurie's technology, ATM switches
can aggregate access circuits in a similar fashion-but at higher
bandwidths. Network operators gain a highly scalable
technology that can enable network expansion at lower cost.

Be Careful Out There
But there are more than a few risks on the horizon. First, the
economic and operational benefits of ATM on the WAN have
not been lost on the competition. Ascend, Cisco Systems, Fore
Systems, Northern Telecom, and Newbridge Networks are each
addressing this fast-growing market segment. Integration issues
with the new acquisitions within Lucent need to be addressed at
both the human-resource level-there are 240-plus people at
Yurie alone-as well as at the product level. Given Lucent's strong
technical capabilities, the bigger issue is likely to be human
resources.

At the current price for Yurie, there will undoubtedly be some
dilution to earnings in the first year of acquisition. Yet Lucent
should still be able to earn an estimated $1.95 in fiscal 1999,
ending Sept. 30, unless it makes another major acquisition in
the near future.

This is not as outlandish as it sounds. Lucent already offers data
networking solutions from Bay Networks Inc., including hubs,
switches and routers. Not surprisingly, Bay happens to be one of
the major customers for Yurie.

The lines are definitely getting fuzzier. Maybe Cisco should start
looking over its shoulder.

William Schaff is chief investment officer at Bay Isle Financial
Corp. in San Francisco, which manages the InformationWeek
100 Stock Index. You can reach him at bschaff@bayisle.com.

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To: djane who wrote (46106)5/6/1998 2:36:00 AM
From: djane  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 61433
 
Internet2: Do we really need it? [ASND R&D reference]

Excerpt: "UUnet and other big data networking companies are
putting bucks behind innovative start-ups, such as Juniper
Networks Inc., which is developing routers capable of
handling a trillion bits of data per second - a new threshold.
And they are plowing big bucks into development. Just five
companies - Ascend Communications Inc., Bay
Networks Inc., Cisco, Fore Systems Inc. and Newbridge
Networks Corp. - are spending $1.8 billion this year on
research.
"


msnbc.com

Builders of the current Net question the focus, utility of high-profile government-funded projects

By Randy Barrett, Inter@ctive Week Online, ZDNN

May 4 - Internet 2: Either you love it or you hate
it. It's the latest vision for a high-speed network
connecting academic and research institutions.
But don't confuse it with the Internet itself. The
builders of the now commercially funded and
developed Internet aren't so sure it's even
necessary.

Gore debuts shape of Net to come

Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet are two completely
different initiatives

University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
Next Generation Internet Initiative

THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION GAVE
Abilene - the new high-speed network proposed by the
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
- a high-profile send-off at the White House on April 14.
Amid flashbulbs, grins and handshakes, government,
industry and academic leaders promised to deliver vast
technical improvements to the commercial Net.
"This project will help develop technologies for the
Internet that are faster and more reliable," said Vice
President Al Gore, the man who made "information
superhighway" a household term. "They will be instrumental
in the creation of the next-generation Internet."
But out in the real world, commercial Internet engineers
range from skeptical to downright scornful of government
and academia's big promises to better the Internet. Both the
Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative, federally funded
to the tune of $100 million this year, and Internet2, funded
by a consortium of companies and universities under
UCAID, elicit far more suspicion than praise in the
commercial Internet community.
"Internet2 is of no value to us," said Alan Taffel, vice
president of marketing at UUnet Technologies Inc., the
largest provider of Internet backbone services. "[Its]
funding will end up supporting a private network with little
benefit to the Net at large."
UUnet and other Internet backbone provision
companies insist they can already provide private and
secure networks for almost any use. Already, UUnet's
backbone operates at 622 million bits per second - equal
to the speed of the current federally funded network
connecting supercomputing centers. Qwest
Communications International Inc., which has agreed to
supply $500 million worth of communications capacity to
the Internet2 project, is building a cross-country fiber
network that can ship data at the rate of 10 billion bps.

"We're coming to
a time when we
don't need a
government-funded
backbone."
- RICK WILDER
Senior manager for Internet
technology at MCI
Communications

"I see no benefit at all. I see it as a distraction," said
Robert Laughlin, president of DataXChange Network Inc.,
who said he wonders why the government needs to get
involved in advanced Internet Protocol (IP) development in
the first place.

WHAT'S TO SHOW?
Many commercial network engineers said they just
haven't seen any tangible benefits recently from federally
funded Internet research - including grants to universities
using the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service
(vBNS), an academic network started in 1995 by the
National Science Foundation.
"It's not really bringing us anything new. We've
reached a point where the commercial Internet is beyond
the research and engineering backbone," said Rick Wilder,
senior manager for Internet technology at MCI
Communications Corp.
Wilder has firsthand knowledge: MCI operates the
622-million-bps vBNS for the NSF. "We're coming to a
time when we don't need a government-funded backbone,"
he said. MCI already offers 622-Mbps service to its
commercial customers.
Internet2 and NGI supporters concede there have
been fewer transfers of groundbreaking new technology to
the commercial sector in the recent past.
"There hasn't been as much dramatic stuff happening in
the last five years," said Richard Mandelbaum, chairman of
NyserNet Inc., a regional nonprofit backbone.
The "golden era" of tech transfer among government,
academia and the nascent commercial Internet was between
1986 and 1994, when 20 years of accumulated research
and development into advanced networking, packet
switching and the Internet protocols burst into more
mainstream usage and attention. During the same time
frame, the Domain Name System arrived, as did HyperText
Markup Language, the Mosaic browser and the
all-important Border Gateway Protocols for network
routers.

"On the private
side, we have the
best money
funding the best
minds, and that
ultimately has got
to advance the
Internet more than
anything in the
public sector."
- ALAN TAFFEL
Vice president of marketing
at UUnet Technologies

These historic transfers of technology from the research
community to the commercial Net are widely lauded by
production network operators, but much of the appreciation
ends there.

PRIVATE SECTOR RULES
"The government should declare success and go solve
health care," said UUnet's Taffel, who is convinced the next
burst of key technologies will come from the private sector.
"On the private side, we have the best money funding the
best minds, and that ultimately has got to advance the
Internet more than anything in the public sector."

Commercial demand, for instance, has forced
equipment vendors in the past three years to condense by a
factor of 100 the number of ports that can be squeezed into
a single rack on an Internet access device at an Internet
service provider's network point of presence.
Cisco
Systems Inc. and UUnet also worked, for instance, to
develop a router that could effectively handle multicasting,
the technique whereby a single audio or video file is sent
through the Net, and copies are pulled off by machines that
have subscribed to the broadcast. And commercial
companies have pushed the rate of transfer for frame relay
packets to 622 Mbps, from 45 Mbps.

UUnet and other big data networking companies are
putting bucks behind innovative start-ups, such as Juniper
Networks Inc., which is developing routers capable of
handling a trillion bits of data per second - a new threshold.
And they are plowing big bucks into development. Just five
companies - Ascend Communications Inc., Bay
Networks Inc., Cisco, Fore Systems Inc. and Newbridge
Networks Corp. - are spending $1.8 billion this year on
research.


But it isn't as if academicians don't understand the
need for speed.
"It's very irritating. It assumes the educational research
folks [academicians] have no idea what's going on in the
real world," said Steve Coya, executive director of the
Internet Engineering Task Force, the body that develops
and creates new technical networking standards. "It's a
very myopic point of view."
Scott Bradner, senior technical consultant at Harvard
University, agreed: "They forget where they came from.
NSFNet [the original research network started in 1986]
was the proof of concept for high-speed networking. There
is a real need for what Abilene and NGI are bringing to the
table."

"It's a very
myopic point of
view. They forget
where they came
from. NSFNet
was the proof of
concept for
high-speed
networking. There
is a real need for
what Abilene and
NGI are bringing
to the table."
- SCOTT BRADNER
Senior technical consultant
at Harvard University

Bradner and others see Internet2 as a test bed for
cutting-edge multimedia applications that require not just
speed, but coordination over long distances. These are
applications such as industrial-strength digital libraries,
virtual "collaboratories," where scientists around the world
can work together on complex experiments, immersive
environments that push the bounds of reality, and online
studies of the origin of the universe.
George Strawn, director of advanced networking at the
NSF, admitted there have been few world-shaking transfers
of technology out of federally funded research since 1995,
when the agency started granting high-performance
connection awards to universities using the vBNS: "My
view is that, by and large, we're still in the research and
development phase," he said.
A look at the period from 1995 to 1998 shows a
handful of less glamorous protocols found their way from
the research community into the commercial Net.
Determining their exact paternity is difficult, since some
stemmed from federally funded work, while others arrived
from collaborations between vendors and schools. The list
includes Squid, a widely used protocol for caching
information on networks; RSVP, for reserving bandwidth
for special uses; and a code called Weighted Fair Queuing,
which lets routers handle packets more efficiently.
Researchers said they expect more to come from the
vBNS, since the initially strict acceptable-use policy was
modified 18 months ago to allow more schools to use its
bandwidth.

THE FUTURE NET
Engineers of the commercial Internet said their primary
concern is scaling up huge networks in the face of enormous
demand and troublesome congestion. They aren't interested
in new high-bandwidth applications for distance learning,
multimedia and advanced research collaboration - all key
goals for the Internet2 program.
Douglas Van Houweling, president and chief executive
officer of UCAID, said they should be: "That set of issues
they're grappling with is why Internet2 came into existence,"
he said.
Internet2 was launched by a consortia of U.S.
universities in 1996. UCAID was created in October 1997
to oversee the research and funding of Internet2 activities,
including creation of the Abilene network, which will run at
9.6 billion bps when fully operational in 1999. Currently,
120 schools and 25 affiliate organizations are members of
UCAID.
Van Houweling and other Internet2 advocates said that
only by developing and testing high-bandwidth applications
on a research network can they learn how to move today's
Internet beyond its bandwidth and scaling challenges.

"(Fundamental
change) won't
come about from
incremental
change in the
commercial
Internet. They're
looking too closely
at the floor."
- GEORGE SMIT
Director of network marketing
at Northern Telecom

That means new router protocols that can direct huge
volumes of bits per second accurately and correctly. In the
future, a few dropped packets could mean the loss of
billions of bits of data. Both routers and switches need to be
redesigned to handle the load.

"[Internet2] will be an experimental network like the
Internet was 15 years ago," said David Lytel, president of
NyserNet, a nonprofit network that serves the university
community in New York state. "We need an Internet that
can break."
The existing vBNS connects 46 universities. Some
schools connect their own advanced networks with the
vBNS through high-speed connection points called
gigapops. UCAID plans for the new Abilene backbone -
named after a historic Texas railhead - to connect up to
30 gigapops together to form a new network that allows
higher speeds and more bandwidth. Abilene will also
connect to the vBNS; UCAID will get the new bandwidth
free from Qwest.
Internet2 research promises to include more of the
private sector than the predominantly university and
governmental contributions that led to Internet 1. UCAID
has in its membership 25 leading infrastructure vendors.
All technology created under the UCAID banner is
open and available to the membership, and the corporation
will not charge royalties. Annual corporate dues cost
$10,000 per company.
Internet vendors that are UCAID members insist the
Internet2 effort is necessary and worthwhile. Stephen Wolff,
executive director of advanced Internet initiatives at Cisco,
said he expects key breakthroughs from the group,
particularly in the area of enhanced quality of service.
"If you point to the past, a lot of really neat things have
come out of this community," said Wolff, who also directed
Internet research at the NSF in the early 1990s, when the
Net became commercially viable.

ISPS UNDER THE GUN
Wolff is convinced that big advances in networking
won't come from the Internet service providers. "That's not
what commercial operators are about," he said. And, while
they might even bump up against the Abilene network in
terms of speed, the character of that traffic is vastly
different.
George Smit, director of network marketing at
Northern Telecom Inc., said his company has a special
interest in Internet2 research into high-speed access as well
as quality-of-service improvements. Smit said fundamental
advances are needed in the way the Internet is managed,
particularly in differentiated services.
"It won't come about from incremental change in the
commercial Internet," he said. "They're looking too closely
at the floor."
Given the impressive track record of university and
federal research on the creation of Internet 1, some
onlookers said UCAID and NGI officials have done a poor
job of justifying and promoting their research programs to
engineers in the trenches.
"We don't think the two universes are that far apart,"
Smit said.



To: djane who wrote (46106)5/6/1998 3:19:00 AM
From: djane  Respond to of 61433
 
5/4/98 InfoWorld article. Fairly positive on ATM vs. GE
Fortify your backbone. Meeting the need for network speed

infoworld.com

Related charts:
Switching to ATM (chart)
Network factors driving high-performance LAN purchases (chart)

By Stephen Lawson

As thousands of CIOs and LAN administrators descend on Las Vegas this
week for NetWorld+Interop, many will be weighted down with infrastructure
woes even before they pick up their complimentary tote bags.

Some are confident that the hubs, routers, and switches in their networks
today will accommodate all the new applications that users will throw at them
for the next few years. But for others, the time has come to make the big
cut-over to a backbone technology that can take them into the next
millennium.

Before long, those bags will be filled with brochures, mouse pads, and
gimmicky pens from vendors touting newly hatched technologies to solve
those problems. How managers choose from that grab bag, and how they
implement the migration, will make all the difference in how their networks
hold up in the coming years. The key, in most cases, will be fitting the right
technologies into the right roles in the network and making them work in
harmony.

Observers say that a number of factors are combining to make traditional
routed networks obsolete in many cases, driving many users in search of
newer switching-based gear to fortify their connectivity infrastructure.

"The software-based routers installed in a lot of backbones are coming under
a lot of pressure from things like the Internet, intranets, and growing
applications requirements," according to Esmeralda Silva, an analyst at
International Data Corp., in Framingham, Mass.

The advent of the Web has opened up a world of resources -- and
distractions -- that can send end-users outside the LAN in droves, taxing
routers that were installed back when most traffic was confined to the local
area.

Intranets are creating the same effect inside the campus, with users reaching
outside their local network segments to servers in other departments or in
central server farms. Intranet applications that run on Web browsers also
increasingly take advantage of graphical content, and emerging applications
bring voice and video into the mix.

"This type of stuff will be on the network by end of the year whether the
network is ready for it or not," says Melinda LeBaron, an analyst at the
Gartner Group, in Stamford, Conn.

And even the good news about networking can be bad news. As switches
come down in price to compete with shared-media hubs, in some cases
providing a dedicated 10Mbps or 100Mbps pipe out of each end-station,
those streams of data converge into a rushing river at the center of the
network. LAN backbones that provide 100Mbps of throughput under the
best of circumstances, such as Fast Ethernet and FDDI, and routers that may
process only 250,000 packets per second, are running out of steam,
according to analysts and users.

NEW FANGLED GEAR. Out on the floor, show-goers shopping for
backbone gear will find several crops of technologies that are blooming now
for the first time. They will be able to place orders for Gigabit Ethernet
equipment from a wide variety of suppliers, including some of the top
vendors. Routing switches, now in the works at almost every hardware
vendor and working in the booths of many, combine the speed of
hardware-based packet switching with some routing intelligence. And ways
to guarantee quality-of-service (QOS) via packet-based networks, though
still largely on the drawing board, are being designed into many new devices.

Emerging technologies for ATM, including Private Network-to-Network
Interface and Multiprotocol over ATM, are starting to provide greater
routing intelligence and integration with packet-based networks.
And some
major suppliers of Token Ring, including IBM and Olicom, will demonstrate
a version of that technology boosted to 100Mbps.

All these options will make it difficult for network planners to design a
backbone for the future.

Observers say the choice between Gigabit Ethernet and routing switches on
the one hand, and ATM on the other, may not be black-and-white. To meet
users' needs from the desktop across the LAN or WAN, some organizations
may have to implement both.
But there are benefits and drawbacks to each
that can help determine where they can best be used.

PACKET-BASED NETWORK UPGRADE. Ever since the advent of
LAN switches, enterprises building or expanding packet-based networks
have been faced with a dilemma. Switching can boost the forwarding speed
of a network, but it does not afford the control and security that come with
routing. However, traditional routers, which can break up the network into
manageable and secure segments, incur overhead because they use software
to examine and direct every packet.

Routing switches, or Layer 3 switches, are designed to remove this dilemma
by routing the most common types of packets at the speed of switching.

Add to this prospect the additional performance of Gigabit Ethernet, and
packet LAN technology is set to leap ahead in speed just when it's needed.

"If the majority of your traffic is data, going the Layer 3 route may be a pretty
reasonable thing to do, depending on the size of your company," Silva says.

The University of North Carolina is preparing to test Cabletron's
SmartSwitch Router, a gigabit-speed routing switch chassis developed by
start-up Yago Systems. If the SmartSwitch Router works as advertised,
according to an IS administrator said, such devices eventually could replace
Cisco 7500 routers in several places on the campus network.


"Being able to get the routing processing off of software and into hardware
would help," says Jim Gogan, director of networks and communication at the
University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, N.C.

Although the network is not sagging yet, Gogan is planning ahead.

"If we don't look at another alternative in the next few months, we'll have a
problem six to eight months out," Gogan says. "I'd rather be proactive and
make changes like that gradually rather than reacting."

FAMILIAR PACKETS. A key advantage of supercharging a packet
network with Gigabit Ethernet and hardware-based IP and IPX routing,
according to users and analysts, is that a staff used to working on Ethernet
won't need to be retrained for an ATM infrastructure. In addition, the same
packets can originate at the desktop and be carried across the LAN
backbone without conversion to cells along the way, which can cause delays.
And administrators won't have to map Ethernet's addressing scheme to
ATM's through LAN Emulation, a job that can lead to a lot of
head-scratching.

The limitations of investing in a packet-based upgrade come into play if an
enterprise plans to adopt applications that will send delay-sensitive traffic,
such as Microsoft's NetMeeting or other videoconferencing tools, call-center
software, or computer telephony. Makers of switches and routers have
announced plans to leverage a wide variety of technologies to assign and
enforce priority and latency on packet networks.

Some observers warn that if you want to be able to prioritize traffic on the
basis of policies, a packet-based network will be more difficult to manage
than one based on ATM.

"In some sense, the burden is on the network manager to understand what
the policies will do," LeBaron says. "You have more options to screw up the
network than you've ever had before."

HEADROOM AND ATM. Most users who have chosen the path of
ATM cite the technology's built-in QOS features, its maturity, and a clearer
path to higher speeds in the future.

Observers say standards for ATM, long in development, finally have
stabilized. And recently introduced specifications promise to simplify
configuration and management of ATM backbones.


The increasingly dominant role of an ATM in carrier networks also makes it a
good choice for large, far-flung enterprises that need high-speed connections
to branch facilities, analysts said.


The NASA Classroom of the Future, which uses video-based training
extensively over a campus network of approximately 2,000 users at
Wheeling Jesuit University, in Wheeling, W.Va., began adopting ATM on its
backbone in 1994. The built-in QOS features of ATM give video traffic the
steady bandwidth and latency it requires across the core of the network. But
cost constraints prevented deployment of ATM all the way to the desktop,
so switched 10Mbps Ethernet suffices.

"From the desktop, we're still doing it the old way, which is throwing
bandwidth at the application," says Nitin Naik, executive director of the
NASA Classroom of the Future program at Wheeling Jesuit University.

ATM also has the advantage that it was built to scale up to higher bandwidth.
Because it was designed for carrier networks and uses Synchronous Optical
Network technology, ATM LAN solutions have already increased from
OC-3 (155Mbps) to OC-12 (622Mbps) and are set to move to OC-48
(2.4Gbps), which is currently used by some carriers.

Ethernet, by contrast, has no path toward higher bandwidth save trunked
gigabit links and a fledgling proposal for a 10Gbps specification. This
difference could affect future infrastructure costs.

"I believe that it's going to be less disruptive to increase the overall capacity
of an ATM backbone than Ethernet backbones," says Mary Petrosky, an
analyst at the Burton Group, in San Mateo, Calif.

"The fact that ATM is scaling at a more reasonable pace makes it more
reasonable to take an existing ATM box and add these faster interfaces,"
Petrosky says.

Jim Atwood, a network analyst at Egelston Children's Health Care System,
in Atlanta, says his organization implemented an ATM backbone to provide
for videoconferencing via both the LAN and the WAN.

For example, doctors will be able to consult with patients and view X-ray
and other records at remote facilities, without leaving the medical center
where they are based.

HOW TO PROCEED. Just as the choice of a backbone involves more
than the technical merits of a particular approach, observers and users say,
planning for and carrying out an upgrade is more than a matter of drawing a
topology and writing a purchase order.

Planning a backbone upgrade means thinking beyond applying a certain
technology to a particular need, LeBaron says.

"When you're in reaction mode, you don't always get the best performance
out of the network," LeBaron says. "The network gets Frankensteined."

To start with, analysts and users say that those in charge of technology in an
enterprise should bring others into the decision-making process. Users know
what the network can do now and what they want it to do in the future.

"For any upgrade, you need to know what level of activity is going on in your
network," Naik says. "[Then] try to find out from the user side what sort of
applications they perceive happening in the future of the organization."

Fortunately, such an approach is easier to sell than ever before, according to
LeBaron. Many executives now recognize that strong links among employees
and to customers and partners outside are crucial to a business. Because top
management now views the network as a key asset, or even a profit center,
organizations are planning for it as they would plan factories or investment in
growing markets.

LeBaron recommends that companies map out all their technology needs,
including for servers, client systems, and applications, before creating a
strategy. Teams from across the organization should decide what they need
to make the company successful, she says.

When bids are requested and network, server, and application vendors
respond, users should still keep hold of the reins.

"Bring vendors in together and find out how they're going to make the
network work with applications and servers," LeBaron says.

Stretching out deployment over a period of time can have benefits, too, as
chip development inevitably makes hardware faster and cheaper.

"Moore's Law is there, so please don't forget it," says a network manager for
a large engineering company, who is planning the infrastructure for a campus
that will serve thousands of users throughout many years.

If the recent past holds any lesson, it is that any projected need for
bandwidth -- and any technology's imagined capacity to fill that demand --
may soon be outstripped by reality.

Senior Writer Stephen Lawson covers networking. He can be reached
via e-mail at stephen_lawson@infoworld.com.

For rundown of the most recent feature stories on InfoWorld Electric
see Features at a glance.

Questions or comments? Send an e-mail to our Editors.

Go to the Week's Top News Stories

Please direct your comments to InfoWorld Boston Bureau Chief, Ted Smalley Bowen

Copyright c 1998 InfoWorld Media Group Inc.

InfoWorld Electric is a member of IDG.net



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To: djane who wrote (46106)5/7/1998 2:45:00 AM
From: Dennis R. Duke  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 61433
 
With news like this, why was NN off 1 3/16th or 3.75% today (5/6/98)?

Dennis