To: Lucretius who wrote (279 ) 5/16/1998 6:38:00 AM From: Teddy Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 14427
I can't see why anyone believes there is even the slightest chance that interest rates will go up:The Fed Won't Move By David Barrett 5/16/98 12:15 AM ET Both the U. S. economy and financial markets are racing forward producing consumer euphoria and unprecedented investor satisfaction. Can it get any better than this? More accurately, can we expect the economy to continue to grow at a rate of 4.2% as it did in the first quarter of 1998 without inflation? Will the rate of growth subside on its own without central bank intervention? Is the Federal Reserve prepared to act now or later, or are they simply making Fed noises to assure everyone that they haven't fallen asleep? The answers to these questions involve less guess work than certain economists who are campaigning for higher rates would have you believe. Certainly some Fed members want higher rates. But the predominance of their hawkish views is outsized compared with the real level of concern at the Fed. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and other Fed members are no doubt paying attention, but they are not overly anxious to pull the interest-rate trigger. The nut of the issue is that inflation has not reared its ugly head. Therefore it's difficult to see how the Fed could take action. The markets, using the Fed-funds futures as a barometer, do not anticipate a rate hike anytime soon. Those who associate inflationary pressures with a robust economy are wrong. Inflation does not flow naturally from a robust economy and never did, but rather results from the introduction of new money at a time when the nation's productive capacity is at its limit. Money and only money can produce inflation. Robust demand alone will not cause prices to rise, rather price increases are the effect of too much money chasing too few goods. Are we approaching our capacity limit? No. Capacity utilization is currently at 82.2% whereas the 1967 to 1997 average is 82.1%. What about the supply of labor? Yes, the unemployment rate is low, but, as the demand for goods and services continues to grow, we will move the orders to Mexico, Indonesia, Germany and other countries. Corporate America will do whatever it takes -- including cutting back the domestic staff -- to keep prices down and thus preserve profits and market share. And raw materials? Commodity prices, lead by oil, remain weak. With East Asia, Japan and Russia in deep recessions and with double-digit unemployment afflicting Europe, there is virtually no chance of price reversal. And the dollar? The dollar is strong and appears to be getting stronger -- just one more piece of disinflationary news. Can we conclude that there is nothing to be concerned about? For now, the answer to that is a hearty yes. Further down the road, the increasing trade gap might create some problems -- but that is well down the road. Finally, the Fed faces many international reasons not to raise rates. The looming European Monetary Union has European central banks quietly urging the Fed to sit tight. In Asia, stumbling economies are also making it hard on the Fed. These economies need the American economy to remain robust in order to help them battle out of their economic crisis. The Fed staff expects that the expansion of economic activity will slow appreciably in the next few quarters and remain moderate in 1999. They believe that slower growth abroad and the considerable rise in the dollar's value will restrain exports and subject domestic producers to greater competition. Thus the significant risks associated with a so-called preemptive upward move in rates at this time would appear to greatly outweigh any potential gain. The Fed's litany of reasons to remain on the sidelines may disappear if the U.S. stock market keeps driving higher. The Fed can live with Dow 9000, perhaps even Dow 9200. But it doesn't seem that they'd like Dow 9500. At that point the "do something" crowd takes over. As we look upon these lofty levels, we should bear in mind that the entire thrust of American policy has been to emphasize investment rather than consumption. Pension plans, 401(k)s and IRAs are responsible for putting as much as $35 billion of new money into the stock market each month. One small possibility is that the Fed might look to take some wind out of the market's sails by increasing the discount rate. Unlike the Fed-funds rate, which is widely quoted and widely used, the discount rate is far more symbolic, and it would have little meaningful effect. (The Fed-funds rate is what banks charge each other for overnight loans. The discount rate is what the Fed charges at its so-called discount window when banks come in to take out loans.) Unfortunately, the banks would probably use the occasion to raise the prime rate to increase their profitability. On balance, this is a very bad idea. The Fed could also increase the reserve requirements on consumer loans if they are concerned about spending. The Fed may choose one of these lesser options on Tuesday, but the bet here is that nothing will happen. By Tuesday afternoon, we will be waiting and wondering about July's meeting.