To: Stephen B. Temple who wrote (35562 ) 7/7/1998 12:27:00 PM From: Frank A. Coluccio Respond to of 41046
Tempo, Harry has that gift of lending new meanings to words, sometimes. Sometimes he does this with impunity, but most of the time he is right on. More power to him. Carrier semantics are not governed by the rules of Webster - yet - so one needs to be cognizant of the forum in which they are using certain words. Who knows? Maybe someday Newton will be regarded as the Webster of telecommunications and computer telephony. Maybe he has already... One of my implied points in reply to your message was that in no specific case that you mentioned, that I am aware of, did any of the players actually own the glass in the ground between cities, nor did they own the facilities in which their main service nodes were located. Instead, in each case that I can discern, these players are appended nodes (ISPs) on the Internet side, or resellers of embedded facilities on the PSTN side, be those facilities someone else's lines or someone else's Class 5 switching equipment. These attributes lend themselves to the definition of reseller, or integrator, whether wholesale or retail. Here gain, it depends on who one speaks with, in order to gain concurrence. Within the ranks of resellers there are further break downs into a taxonomy of switch-based or switchless, CAP/CLEC or VAN/VAR, etc. There are some competitive access providers such as MFNX who provide fiber optic cable routes in just about any venue, almost exclusively, and CAPs who do not possess switches, for example. Instead they only provide transport, and in the case of MFNX, they only provide the raw media. And there are some switch node purveyors/operators who own multiple switching platforms in carrier hotels, many PSTN-type, some IP, and some both, but they don't own a grain of sand in the ground. These subtleties are like the distinctions between switching and transmission: Every SWITCHING node has a means of ingress and egress within itself, through the use of receivers and transmitters or line drivers. The latter qualities lend themselves to TRANSMISSION. Conversely, many of today's transport or TRANSMISSION elements, such as SONET multiplexers and cellular/pcs air-interface equipment, also possess internal add-drop (or tributary interchange) capabilities, which lend to the definition of SWITCHING. And then there is that old standby, the difference between analog and digital, which is the foundation on which entire threads have been built. ---- The two questions you asked demand that I know more about the assumptions you are making. I'm in the dark with respect to the future plans of Frame Relay, where FTEL is concerned. ---- The cell size of ATM is really inconsequential to the size of the "frames" it supports. ATM takes place at a lower sub-layer of Layer 2 than frames, and then frames are "converged" or mounted on top of those cells. If you take the 48-byte payloads of multiple ATM (53-byte) cells, and remove the 5-byte overhead, you can lay them (each 48-byte payload) out in sequential fashion and derive any frame structure you want, in other words. It's a mapping process. Overhead bytes are carried, but they are not recognized as payload. In fact, the 48 bytes in the payload can be manipulated to provide interleaved services within those same 48 bytes, i.e., the voice samples of multiple talkers, for example, depending on the manner in which the multiplexing (end-point) equipment is framed and programmed. Tell me more about what you envision in the way of future Frame Relay deployments as far as Ftel is concerned, if you would, and I will attempt to answer your question. Regards, Franco