To: MichaelW who wrote (51635 ) 7/16/1998 12:52:00 PM From: Chuzzlewit Respond to of 176387
Michael, there's nothing wrong with that strategy. That's the pristine way to increase your leverage. You increase debt and decrease your capital. That way you increase return on capital. Here's an example: You have a company with assets of $1BB, liabilities of 250MM and capital of 750MM. Let's say earnings are $150MM, so return on equity is 20% (150/750). Now lets say that the company decides to borrow $250MM and retire 250MM in equity. Now let's say that the debt is at 6% per annum, and that earnings grow at 15% (before interest). That means that next year earnings before interest will rise to 172.5MM. The interest on the debt will be 15MM, but since interest is a tax-deductible item, and assuming a 30% statutory rate (for ease of calculation) the after-tax effective interest will be 70% of 15MM, or 10.5MM. Thus the earnings after taxes will be $162MM. But look at the effect on return on capital. We will now have an ROI of 24.9% ($162/650). The key is to borrow money at an effective interest rate (i.e. after-tax) of less than the ROI. The effective rate in this hypothetical was .7*6% or 4.2%, and the original ROI was 20%. The problem with this approach is that it increases the risk to the shareholder. There are two opposing points of view on this issue. The first is that the price of the stock is unaffected by the financing decision. That is, the trade off of risk and reward is such that the stock price remains unchanged. The second view is that there is an optimal level of debt, and debt levels of either less than or greater than this optimal value will result in a decrease in share price. If you look at older, more established companies like T and IBM you will find that they carry considerable debt. But if you look at the smaller growth companies on the NASDAQ you will find that few of them carry material amounts of debt. So to get back to your original question about the purpose of the debt, it really doesn't matter. The effect would be the same. You could have thought of it as a two-step transaction. Step 1: issue stock and build plants with the proceeds. Step 2: borrow money and repurchase stock. Hope this helps. TTFN, CTC