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To: Anthony who wrote (15188)9/18/1998 7:17:00 AM
From: Jon Koplik  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 152472
 
To all - very O.T., but it is almost the weekend :

September 18, 1998

'Wizard of Oz' at Center of Debate

Filed at 6:37 a.m. EDT

By The Associated Press

SOUTH BEND, Ind. (AP) -- Roger Baum and Michael Genovese agree on one
thing -- Toto was just a dog.

Beyond that, ''The Wizard of Oz'' is either the greatest children's novel ever
written or a story about the collapse of Populism in the late 1800s.

Baum, the great-grandson of ''Oz'' author L. Frank Baum, will be in
Chesterton this weekend for the 17th annual Wizard of Oz festival. His views
are clear.

''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was written solely to pleasure children of
today,'' Baum said, quoting from the introduction to the book written 98 years
ago.

But Genovese, a political science professor at Loyola Marymount University,
says Oz has a political dimension beyond the yellow brick road. Describing Oz
as just a fairy tale about a girl from Kansas is like claiming ''Moby Dick'' is
nothing more than a story about a white whale, he says.

Henry Littlefield, a teacher in Pebble Beach, Calif., is credited with finding the
Populism theme. Populists advocated free coinage of silver to counteract
inflation, abolition of national banks and a graduated income tax, among other
things.

Littlefield interpreted the yellow brick road and Dorothy's silver shoes -- they
were changed to ruby in the movie to show off new color technology -- as
representing the gold standard and the coinage of silver.

His students found more parallels:

-- The title Oz is actually the abbreviation for ounce, the standard measure
used for gold.

-- The Tin Woodman is the industrial worker, left heartless by dehumanizing
work in factories.

-- The brainless Scarecrow is the farmer, not intelligent enough to recognize
his political interests.

-- The Cowardly Lion is Williams Jennings Bryan, a leader in the Populist
movement ridiculed for having more bark than bite.

-- The Wizard is any one of several presidents in office in the late 1800s
trying to be everything to everybody but were just common men, ruling
others through deception.

-- The wicked witches of the East and West are the capitalists and bankers
who kept the ''little people'' -- that would be the munchkins -- in bondage.

''You don't have to buy into it,'' Littlefield said. ''It's just a way of looking at
these wonderful stories written by this absolute genius at writing fantasy.''

But for Baum, all the talk of subtext blasphemes a charming children's book.

''There are a handful of professors here who love to turn 'Oz' into a political
satire, and there's just no basis for it in any of great-granddad's notes or
anything else, and it has a tendency to tear down some of the things we
cherish so much in this country,'' Baum said. ''This is all insane.''


Copyright 1998 The New York Times Company