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Non-Tech : Derivatives: Darth Vader's Revenge -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: EPS who wrote (394)10/5/1998 9:52:00 PM
From: ahhaha  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 2794
 
Moreover, we believe they are true intuitively, but no effective decision procedure exists to determine whether they are true. That is, machines can't be programmed to necessarily find proofs. It is a game we mathematicians play. We start with a sentence within a system that we believe is true. The game is to derive the sentence from axioms of the system. We may never find a proof, but we may always be convinced of its truth though it remains undecidable as to whether a proof exists. Godel showed that you could always create a sentence within an inherently undecidable theory that effectively asserted its own falsity, a sentence built from intuitively true axioms and derived consequences of arithmetic. Some theories are decidable, all truths are provable, and some aren't, there exist truths which are true but not provable. You never know whether a sentence in a undecidable theory is true until you find a proof, show its provability, and thus its truth within the system.

In the discussion where I brought this up I wanted to show that in economics something may appear untrue. Then more information is available or things change so that the "system" is effectively strengthened and the truth is clear. Next you have adjustment or extension to the system where a further elaboration on the previous falsity after achieving truth within the extended system, then becomes false again. In mathematics we find this occurring in Lobachevsky's extension to Euclidean geometry. The sentence, two parallel lines never meet, could not be established as true or false under Euclid, though it seems intuitively true within Euclidean geometry. Formally, no one found a proof. A consistent extension to Euclidean geometry exists found by Lobachevsky where this assertion is false. The point is that truth is like a river, ephemeral everywhere except at its mouth.