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To: rupert1 who wrote (37943)	11/30/1998 6:35:00 PM
From: nihil	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 97611

++OT++ Elizabeth I An extraordinarily interesting woman, with enormous impact on modern history. I don't think there is any evidence that she engaged in any religious murders per se. Her father, her elder half-sister, and her half-brother were all engaged in religious reformation or counter-reformation and had some nobles and commoners executed by the customary means for the crimes according to the customs of the day (which no doubt contribute to our outlawry of cruel and unusual punishments.) Mary's advisers wanted Elizabeth executed. Elizabeth came close to marrying Philip of Spain, which would have made him King of England (that was the rub!). Together, Phillip and Elizabeth could have kept the Netherlands, crushed France, and together with Austria-Hungary (under Philip's brother), would have controlled to old and the new worlds. They could have pushed to Turks back into Asia. But the English Protestants could not tolerate the idea of Philip with his Catholic zeal in charge, and Elizabeth wanted no part of submission to Philip (whom she knew quite well) since he had been married to Mary. She chose a riskier path. Roman Catholics, probably under the direction of the Vatican, repeatedly attempted her assassination or displacement. She supported, carefully, both Netherlands rebels against Philip and Huguenot forces in France. Her sailors ranged the world in an undeclared war against Spain, and Spain finally dashed itself to pieces in 1588 with the Armada and its later bankruptcy. The survival of England as an independent country, and its growth to become a great imperial power could not have occurred without that woman's courage and sagacity and the sacrifice of her personal happiness to the greater needs of the State.