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Biotech / Medical : Trinity Biotech (TRIBY) -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 8:50:00 PM
From: dowman	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 14328

In the real world Greg would not be allowed to post articles as old as 1990 and 1992 as if they were meaningful today... and still tie it all together with totally bogus commentary about insider buying. Please provide proof of your mindless hype... Greg, you obviously have a lot of time on your hands. Please tell us the top ten products by total sales, the growth rates of those product lines and the penetration rates of Trinities products.... In a regulated world they would require answers from you...

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:06:00 PM
From: dowman	Respond to of 14328

And by the way, during your extended conversation with Dr. Branson I am sure you asked him about the final results of the CDC testing of Trinity's product. And as you are so familiar with websites and bookmarks please post the results of their testing..... You forgot to ask?

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:07:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Home sample collection tests for HIV infection [In Process Citation] AUTHORS: Branson BM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. BMB2@cdc.gov SOURCE: JAMA 1998 Nov 18;280(19):1699-701 [MEDLINE record in process] CITATION IDS: PMID: 9832003 UI: 99048843 ABSTRACT: CONTEXT: Home sample collection (HSC) tests allow persons to test themselves for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at home without medical supervision. Characterizing the use of such tests can help assess their potential effect on public health efforts to prevent and control HIV. OBJECTIVE: To describe use of HIV HSC tests. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive analysis from data collected by test manufacturers during 1996 and 1997. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of consumers who used either of 2 HSC tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic and behavioral aspects of users. RESULTS: During the first year of availability, 174316 HIV HSC tests were submitted to the manufacturers for analysis; 0.9% of the results were positive for HIV, and 97% of all users called to learn test results. Survey responses from 70620 HIV-negative and 865 HIV- positive users revealed that most were men, white, and aged 25 to 34 years; HIV prevalence was highest among nonwhites, aged 35 to 44 years, men who have sex with men, and injection drug users. Bisexual men accounted for a large proportion of HIV-positive users. Nearly 60% of all users and 49% of those who tested HIV positive had never been tested before. Telephone counselors found that 23% of HIV-positive users already had a source of follow-up care, 65% accepted referrals, and 12% had tested themselves to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Home sample collection tests for HIV were used by persons who were at risk for HIV and by persons who did not use other testing. Most HIV-positive users either had a source of medical care or received referrals. LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:11:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AUTHORS: Branson BM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SOURCE: Clin Infect Dis 1995 Apr;20 Suppl 1:S3-22 CITATION IDS: PMID: 7795107 UI: 95315411 ABSTRACT: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves characterization of the stage of HIV disease, institution of therapy to prevent associated infections and postpone deterioration of immune function, and assistance in preventing transmission of the virus. This review examines the available data on the efficacy of current recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of persons with early HIV infection. Existing evidence supports the efficacy of physical examination, monitoring of the CD4+ cell count, tuberculin testing (with chemotherapy for persons who test positive), anergy testing, Papanicolaou testing and screening for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (for high-risk women), screening for syphilis, antiretroviral therapy (for symptomatic patients), and guidance in reducing the transmission of HIV. Recommended measures for which evidence of clinical efficacy is less certain include immunization against infections due to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B virus as well as antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic persons. Quantitative measurement of viral titers appears promising for the monitoring of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy; the correlations of these titers with clinical end points need to be confirmed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/diagnosis HIV Infections/therapy ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human HIV Infections/epidemiology HIV Infections/transmission Monitoring, Physiologic Time Factors PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:19:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Comparison of a home HIV test system to public health HIV test services. AUTHORS: Kruzel KE; Frank AP; Branson BM; Boyd DK; Wandell MG AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Home Access Health Corporation, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:875-6 (abstract no. 43143). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404495 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To compare a commercially available home HIV test system (Home Access HIV-1 Test System) to public health test services for utilization and receipt of results. METHODS: Five health departments conducted a randomized controlled trial of home HIV collection kits (Kit) from January 1-December 31, 1997, in three settings: (1) clinic participants receiving either traditional Clinic Counseling and Testing (Clinic CT) or a Kit; (2) outreach participants receiving either Field CT or a Kit; or, (3) outreach participants receiving either Referral to CT or a Kit. The proportion of participants who were tested and who received results is presented. RESULTS: 40.3% (1024/2540) of the kits distributed were tested (Clinic CT 462/615 or 75.1%; Field CT 136/404 or 33.7%; Referral CT 426/1521 or 28.0%). TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. CONCLUSIONS: Randomization was not entirely successful, due to a number of participants who would only consider testing if they received a home kit, though many who accepted home kits did not use them. Compared to traditional public health HIV test services, a greater proportion of persons who tested using home kits received their results. This analysis suggests that home kits may be a useful option in certain public health settings. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Specimen Handling/METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Comparative Study Counseling Human PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT CLINICAL TRIAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:21:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: The use of home collection HIV tests in the US: barriers and solutions. AUTHORS: Phillips K; Branson B; Fernyak S; Bayer R; Chang S; Morin S AUTHOR AFFILIATION: USCF/Center for AIDS Prevention Studies 94105, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:873-4 (abstract no. 43133). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404485 ABSTRACT: ISSUES: After 10 years of debate, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first home collection HIV test (HCT) in 1996. We examined how many people are using HCTs, the barriers to their use, and potential solutions to those barriers. PROJECT: We reviewed data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other studies to assess the number of HCT users and barriers to use. RESULTS: In the first year of use, 152,000 individuals used HCTs (0.06% of the US population). Although HCTs are being used by persons who do not access other testing and those who are at-risk for HIV with few reported negative consequences, the actual number of users was much lower than expected. The currently low numbers of users, which lead to the withdrawal of one product, may lead to the withdrawal of other HCTs and new HIV tests from the US market. Barriers to use include the high price of the test ($40-$50), consumers' lack of knowledge about HCTs, the 3-7 day wait for results, and consumers' aversion to fingersticks. Solutions include: (1) increasing consumers' knowledge about HCTs, (2) making HCTs widely available through different mechanisms, (3) subsidizing the costs of tests for low-income individuals, and (4) exploring the ability of other new HIV tests--rapid blood tests, oral fluids tests, urine tests, and true home tests that enable users to obtain results without counseling to overcome barriers to testing. LESSONS LEARNED: Although HCTs appear to be increasing access to testing, their impact will be limited unless barriers to their use are addressed. The experience of HCTs has important implications for the success or failure of other new HIV tests. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Specimen Handling/METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:23:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Home collection for HIV testing in the United States: the first year. AUTHORS: Branson B AUTHOR AFFILIATION: CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:871-2 (abstract no. 43123). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404475 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In mid-1996, two commercial products were approved in the US which allow persons to obtain their own dried-blood spot sample for anonymous HIV testing, mail it to a laboratory, and receive results over the telephone. Information is collected about users to help assess the public health impact of home HIV testing. OBJECTIVE: To characterize users of HIV home test collection systems. METHODS: Aggregate data provided by both home collection kit sponsors were analyzed to determine the number of users and HIV prevalence. We also analyzed demographic and HIV risk information provided voluntarily by users during telephone counseling, and the information recorded in the call log used by telephone counselors to describe post-test counseling interactions. RESULTS: During the first year of availability, 174,316 persons used home collection HIV test kits; 0.9% tested positive, and 97% called for their results. Demographic and behavioral information was provided by 54,850 (67%) of users of one kit but only 20,750 (22%) of users of the other kit. Of respondents, 62% were male, 38% female; 57% had not tested before; 80% were heterosexual (4% of whom had injected drugs) and 20% were men with male partners (7% of whom had injected drugs). Of those testing positive, 38% were bisexual men, 28% homosexual men, 24% heterosexuals, and 11% had injected drugs. HIV prevalence among home users was comparable to that in persons tested at public health sites, and was higher among African American (2.7%) and Hispanic (2.2%) users than whites (0.7%). Counselors documented that 65% of HIV-positive clients were referred for care, 23% planned to use their existing sources of care, and 5% hung up without counseling. CONCLUSION: HIV prevalence among home collection users is similar to that among persons at public testing sites which serve high-risk persons. Many users have not tested before, suggesting that home collection is being used by persons at risk who may not access other testing opportunities. Studies are continuing to determine the utility and potential public health impact of this new method for consumer-controlled HIV testing. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Specimen Handling/METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Female Human Male United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:25:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Home collection HIV tests in the US: those who intended to use are not using. AUTHORS: Fernyak S; Phillips KA; Branson B; Catania J AUTHOR AFFILIATION: UCSF/Center for AIDS Prevention Studies 94105, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:870 (abstract no. 43116). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404468 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Prior to the Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first home collection HIV test (HCT) in 1996, several surveys of the US population indicated that an HCT would be widely used. To determine if barriers to its use exist, the numbers and characteristics of those who indicated their intention to use the HCT prior to its approval was compared to those who have actually used HCTs. METHODS: National probability samples from the National Health Interview Survey ('92 NHIS), the Kaiser Family Foundation Survey on HIV Public Knowledge ('95 KFF) and the Family of AIDS Behavioral Surveys ('96 FABS) provided data on the characteristics of those who stated that they were "very likely" or "somewhat likely" to use HCTs. These data were compared to data on actual users, provided by the US Centers for Disease Control. RESULTS: Prior to approval of the HCT, 29% of NHIS, 43% of KFF, and 31% of FABS respondents stated they were "very likely" or "somewhat likely" to use the HCT. However, during the first 12 months following approval, only 152,000 HCTs were used (0.6% of the population). Intended users were younger, non-white, less educated, had lower income, had tested previously (except for NHIS) and were at-risk for or concerned about HIV. Actual users were more likely to be male, white, heterosexual, 25-34 years of age, and not previously tested. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME CONCLUSIONS: HCTs are being used predominantly by whites and first-time testers; prior to approval, African-Americans and Latinos indicated they were more likely to use the tests. In addition, actual use of HCTs has been much lower than expected. These data indicate there are barriers to use of HCTs, particularly among non-whites and those at high risk for HIV. Efforts should be made to identify and address these barriers. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Patient Acceptance of Health Care Specimen Handling/*METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Female Human Male United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:27:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Using risk assessment to target HIV testing is not worthwhile for an STD clinic. AUTHORS: Branson B; Chen Z AUTHOR AFFILIATION: CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:868 (abstract no. 43108). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404460 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To determine if client self-administered risk assessment can be used to improve targeting of HIV counseling and testing services in an STD clinic. METHODS: We studied computerized HIV test records from Prince George's County Maryland STD clinic from 1993 to 1996. Logistic regression models were developed to identify characteristics predicting persons with a positive HIV test by using demographic and behavioral information collected during pretest counseling in 1993 and 1994. We then tested these models using 1995 data. In 1996, patients were asked to complete a one-page self-administered risk assessment. Using the models developed earlier, we compared the predictive value of this self-assessment to that of the counselors' risk assessment from the same patient. RESULTS: Of the 12,038 patients studied from 1993 and 1994, 133 (1.1%) tested HIV-positive. Eight risk behaviors and age were used to develop screening models for targeting HIV testing. Applying these models to 1995 data, offering HIV tests to persons with any risk behavior would identify 40% of the positives by testing 11% of the patients; by also testing anyone over age 23, we would identify 90% of the positives by testing 62% of the patients. In 1996, 2,288 patients completed the self-administered HIV risk assessment, of whom 25 (1.1%) tested HIV positive. More patients reported one or more of the 8 risk behaviors by self-assessment [216 (9.4%)] than by interview [172 (7.5%)]. However, if risk assessment had been used to target HIV testing, either technique for eliciting risk information would have identified only 7 (28%) of the HIV-positive persons. CONCLUSION: Risk assessment was not useful for further targeting HIV testing in an STD clinic population because it failed to detect many HIV positive persons. Self-administered risk assessment was as effective as interview for eliciting risk behaviors, and may be a useful screening tool for identifying high-risk persons, and focusing counseling efforts. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/*DIAGNOSIS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Ambulatory Care Facilities Counseling Human Logistic Models Risk Assessment Risk-Taking PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:30:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: New testing technologies to enhance HIV prevention: evaluation of oral mucosal transudate-based HIV testing. AUTHORS: Randall L; Pope RS; Lapinski M; Hunt KV; Branson B AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Michigan Dept of Community Health, HAPIS/MDCH, Lansing 48909, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:868 (abstract no. 43106). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98404458 ABSTRACT: ISSUE: HIV testing is a key strategy for both primary and secondary prevention of HIV infection. Serum collection serves as a disincentive to testing for some individuals. Serum-based testing limits the contexts in which HIV testing can be provided. PROJECT: The Michigan Department of Community Health implemented testing, using oral mucosal transudate (OMT) technology, in community-based settings beginning in March, 1997. OMT testing was intended to enhance access and acceptability of HIV testing in at-risk populations. An evaluation of the OMT initiative assessed the: (1) extent to which OMT technology increased use of HIV testing among at-risk populations by addressing perceived and practical disincentives and (2) cost-effectiveness of OMT-based testing. Quantitative and qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with providers and clients, were used. RESULTS: HIV testing using oral mucosal transudate testing has be extremely well received by both clients and providers. Field-based counseling and testing, using OMT testing affords greater access to at-risk populations. Within the first three months of implementation, the number of injecting drug users (IDUs) tested for HIV increased by 300 percent. The proportion of individuals HIV seropositive individuals identified through OMT testing was double that (2 percent) of that identified through serum-based testing programs. Provisional findings suggest that OMT testing is cost-effective compared with serum-based testing. LESSONS LEARNED: New HIV testing technologies can enhance the effectiveness of HIV testing as a prevention strategy by removing disincentives to testing and expanding the contexts in which testing can be provided. Adoption of new technologies requires consideration of the contexts in which testing is provided and the type and quality of counseling and supportive services offered. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: Exudates and Transudates/VIROLOGY HIV/ISOLATION & PURIF HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Mouth Mucosa/VIROLOGY ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:32:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Medical problems associated with HIV testing: public health vs. home test kits. AUTHORS: Frank AP; Kruzel KE; Branson BM; Boyd DK; Wandell MG AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Home Access Health Corporation, Hoffman Estate, IL, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:651 (abstract no. 33291). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98398933 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To assess medical problems experienced by clients testing for HIV at public health test sites with clients using home test kits (Home Access(r) HIV-1 Test System). METHODS: Five health departments conducted a randomized controlled trial of HIV home collection kits from January 1-December 31, 1997, in three distinct public health settings. After receiving HIV test results, clients from both groups were asked to participate in a testing experience survey which evaluated the causes of medical problems experienced during the testing process. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the Testing Experience Survey was lower by persons testing in public health settings. There was no statistically significance in medical problems between the two groups. All medical problems that were reported were minor, i.e. bruising, bleeding, and dizziness. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/ADVERSE EFFECTS AIDS Serodiagnosis/METHODS Dizziness/ETIOLOGY Ecchymosis/ETIOLOGY Hemorrhage/ETIOLOGY Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Self Care/*METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human Public Health Practice United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT CLINICAL TRIAL MULTICENTER STUDY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:34:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Rates of receiving the result of an HIV test: data from the US National Health Interview Survey. AUTHORS: Tao G; Kassler WJ; Branson BM; Peterman TA; Cohen RA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: National Center for Health Statisics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1064 (abstract no. 60354). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98408603 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: HIV testing has several important benefits, including risk reduction through prevention counseling and referral of infected persons for medical and psychological services. These benefits occur only if persons tested receive their test results. METHODS: To determine the frequency and predictors of receiving HIV test results (excluding blood donations), we analyzed 19,127 adults in the 1994 US National Health Interview Survey, a population-based, probability sample household survey. We used multinomial logit model to determine factors independently associated with the rates of receiving HIV test results. RESULTS: HIV testing was reported by 24.3% (+/- SE = 0.8%) of persons in the survey (46 million US adults). Of those tested, 43.0% (+/- 0.9%) had primarily compulsory tests (military, employment, insurance, immigration, or hospitalization); 26.5% (+/- 0.8) had primarily self-initiated tests ("just to find out/I am worried that I am infected"); 9.1% (+/- 0.5%) acted on advice of a doctor, health department, or sex partner; and 21.4% (+/- 0.8%) were tested for other reasons. Of those tested, 78.6% (+/- 0.7%) reported receiving their results; 12.0% (+/- 0.6%) reported not receiving their results; and 9.4% (+/- 0.6%) reported being told that they would be notified if their test results were positive. The logit model revealed that persons were more likely (p < .05) to receive their test results if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, they lived alone or with non-relatives, their tests were self-initiated, or their tests were performed at public clinics, community health centers, or private physician offices rather than at hospitals or emergency rooms. Compared with those who did not receive their test results, persons were more likely (p < .05) to report being told they would be notified only of a positive result if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, or if their tests were performed at military, immigration, or private physician settings. The rates of receiving the test results did not differ by age, gender, race, education level, health status, or the number of previous HIV tests. CONCLUSIONS: More than one in ten persons tested for HIV did not receive their test results. Measures to increase the number of tested persons who receive their results, such as adding and enhancing pre-test counseling, or using rapid HIV-screening tests that provide results at the time of testing, are urgently needed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/STANDARDS HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Mandatory Testing/STANDARDS Truth Disclosure ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Health Care Surveys Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Logistic Models Predictive Value of Tests Questionnaires United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:36:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Rates of receiving the result of an HIV test: data from the US National Health Interview Survey. AUTHORS: Tao G; Kassler WJ; Branson BM; Peterman TA; Cohen RA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: National Center for Health Statisics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1064 (abstract no. 60354). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98408603 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: HIV testing has several important benefits, including risk reduction through prevention counseling and referral of infected persons for medical and psychological services. These benefits occur only if persons tested receive their test results. METHODS: To determine the frequency and predictors of receiving HIV test results (excluding blood donations), we analyzed 19,127 adults in the 1994 US National Health Interview Survey, a population-based, probability sample household survey. We used multinomial logit model to determine factors independently associated with the rates of receiving HIV test results. RESULTS: HIV testing was reported by 24.3% (+/- SE = 0.8%) of persons in the survey (46 million US adults). Of those tested, 43.0% (+/- 0.9%) had primarily compulsory tests (military, employment, insurance, immigration, or hospitalization); 26.5% (+/- 0.8) had primarily self-initiated tests ("just to find out/I am worried that I am infected"); 9.1% (+/- 0.5%) acted on advice of a doctor, health department, or sex partner; and 21.4% (+/- 0.8%) were tested for other reasons. Of those tested, 78.6% (+/- 0.7%) reported receiving their results; 12.0% (+/- 0.6%) reported not receiving their results; and 9.4% (+/- 0.6%) reported being told that they would be notified if their test results were positive. The logit model revealed that persons were more likely (p < .05) to receive their test results if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, they lived alone or with non-relatives, their tests were self-initiated, or their tests were performed at public clinics, community health centers, or private physician offices rather than at hospitals or emergency rooms. Compared with those who did not receive their test results, persons were more likely (p < .05) to report being told they would be notified only of a positive result if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, or if their tests were performed at military, immigration, or private physician settings. The rates of receiving the test results did not differ by age, gender, race, education level, health status, or the number of previous HIV tests. CONCLUSIONS: More than one in ten persons tested for HIV did not receive their test results. Measures to increase the number of tested persons who receive their results, such as adding and enhancing pre-test counseling, or using rapid HIV-screening tests that provide results at the time of testing, are urgently needed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/STANDARDS HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Mandatory Testing/STANDARDS Truth Disclosure ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Health Care Surveys Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Logistic Models Predictive Value of Tests Questionnaires United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng TITLE: HIV test anxiety: public health vs. home test kits. AUTHORS: Kruzel KE; Frank AP; Branson BM; Boyd DK; Goldbaum GM; Pryde JA; Wandell MG AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Home Access Health Corporation, Hoffman Estate, IL, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1062 (abstract no. 60343). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98408592 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To compare the anxiety experienced by clients testing for HIV at public health test sites with clients using home test kits (Home Access HIV-1 Test System). METHODS: Five health departments conducted a randomized controlled trial of home HIV collection kits from January 1-December 31, 1997, in three distinct public health settings. After receiving HIV test results clients from both groups were asked to participate in a testing experience survey which evaluated the causes of anxiety experienced during the testing process. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the Testing Experience Survey was lower by persons testing in public health settings. A larger proportion of kit users reported anxiety; most of this difference was associated with self-collection of blood. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: Anxiety/ETIOLOGY AIDS Serodiagnosis/METHODS AIDS Serodiagnosis/PSYCHOLOGY Public Health Practice Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Self Care/PSYCHOLOGY ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Anxiety/DIAGNOSIS Anxiety/PSYCHOLOGY AIDS Serodiagnosis/ADVERSE EFFECTS Blood Specimen Collection/PSYCHOLOGY Comparative Study Human Test Anxiety Scale PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT CLINICAL TRIAL MULTICENTER STUDY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:38:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Rates of receiving the result of an HIV test: data from the US National Health Interview Survey. AUTHORS: Tao G; Kassler WJ; Branson BM; Peterman TA; Cohen RA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: National Center for Health Statisics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1064 (abstract no. 60354). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98408603 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: HIV testing has several important benefits, including risk reduction through prevention counseling and referral of infected persons for medical and psychological services. These benefits occur only if persons tested receive their test results. METHODS: To determine the frequency and predictors of receiving HIV test results (excluding blood donations), we analyzed 19,127 adults in the 1994 US National Health Interview Survey, a population-based, probability sample household survey. We used multinomial logit model to determine factors independently associated with the rates of receiving HIV test results. RESULTS: HIV testing was reported by 24.3% (+/- SE = 0.8%) of persons in the survey (46 million US adults). Of those tested, 43.0% (+/- 0.9%) had primarily compulsory tests (military, employment, insurance, immigration, or hospitalization); 26.5% (+/- 0.8) had primarily self-initiated tests ("just to find out/I am worried that I am infected"); 9.1% (+/- 0.5%) acted on advice of a doctor, health department, or sex partner; and 21.4% (+/- 0.8%) were tested for other reasons. Of those tested, 78.6% (+/- 0.7%) reported receiving their results; 12.0% (+/- 0.6%) reported not receiving their results; and 9.4% (+/- 0.6%) reported being told that they would be notified if their test results were positive. The logit model revealed that persons were more likely (p < .05) to receive their test results if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, they lived alone or with non-relatives, their tests were self-initiated, or their tests were performed at public clinics, community health centers, or private physician offices rather than at hospitals or emergency rooms. Compared with those who did not receive their test results, persons were more likely (p < .05) to report being told they would be notified only of a positive result if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, or if their tests were performed at military, immigration, or private physician settings. The rates of receiving the test results did not differ by age, gender, race, education level, health status, or the number of previous HIV tests. CONCLUSIONS: More than one in ten persons tested for HIV did not receive their test results. Measures to increase the number of tested persons who receive their results, such as adding and enhancing pre-test counseling, or using rapid HIV-screening tests that provide results at the time of testing, are urgently needed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/STANDARDS HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Mandatory Testing/STANDARDS Truth Disclosure ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Health Care Surveys Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Logistic Models Predictive Value of Tests Questionnaires United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng TITLE: Rapid test strategies for HIV testing. AUTHORS: Branson BM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. SOURCE: 5th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect. 1998 Feb 1-5;:232 (abstract no. S13). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: AIDS/98929724 ABSTRACT: Background: Clinical trials demonstrate that rapid HIV tests are acceptable, cost-effective, and practical for increasing the number of clients who learn their infection status. However, rapid tests are rarely used in the U.S. because the USPHS recommends that a positive EIA be confirmed before results are given. Objective: To quantify the impact for US publicly-funded testing programs from using rapid HIV tests and giving unconfirmed screening tests results. Methods: A decision model was constructed to compare outcomes from current HIV testing and rapid tests. We used data on rates of return for results observed in clinical trials of rapid tests and from the CDC client record database for 1995. We determined the number of persons who would have received results under each strategy and the number who would have received a false-positive rapid test result. Outcomes were calculated for testing sites with different HIV prevalences and aggregated to project the impact of using the rapid test algorithm for all publicly-funded HIV testing in the U.S. Results: From the 2,112,270 publicly funded HIV tests performed in 1995. 7,874 (28%) more HIV positive persons and 581,308 (42%) more HIV negative persons would have learned their results using the rapid test algorithm. False-positive rapid tests results would have been given to 10,376 (0.4% of those tested). Of these, most (93%) would have returned to learn they were truly HIV negative after confirmatory testing. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that changing the USPHS recommendation against giving results from HIV screening tests before confirmation and wider use of rapid HIV tests will substantially increase the number of persons receiving both positive and negative HIV tests results. Such a step warrants a comprehensive reconsideration of the current algorithm for HIV testing. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/*METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/STANDARDS Human Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Predictive Value of Tests PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:41:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AUTHORS: Branson BM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SOURCE: Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;20 Suppl 1:S3-22. SECONDARY SOURCE ID: MED/95315411 ABSTRACT: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves characterization of the stage of HIV disease, institution of therapy to prevent associated infections and postpone deterioration of immune function, and assistance in preventing transmission of the virus. This review examines the available data on the efficacy of current recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of persons with early HIV infection. Existing evidence supports the efficacy of physical examination, monitoring of the CD4+ cell count, tuberculin testing (with chemotherapy for persons who test positive), anergy testing, Papanicolaou testing and screening for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (for high-risk women), screening for syphilis, antiretroviral therapy (for symptomatic patients), and guidance in reducing the transmission of HIV. Recommended measures for which evidence of clinical efficacy is less certain include immunization against infections due to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B virus as well as antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic persons. Quantitative measurement of viral titers appears promising for the monitoring of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy; the correlations of these titers with clinical end points need to be confirmed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS HIV Infections/THERAPY ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human HIV Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY HIV Infections/TRANSMISSION Monitoring, Physiologic Time Factors PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng

To: AgAuUSA who wrote (11218)	12/7/1998 9:44:00 PM
From: AgAuUSA	Respond to of 14328

TITLE: Rates of receiving the result of an HIV test: data from the US National Health Interview Survey. AUTHORS: Tao G; Kassler WJ; Branson BM; Peterman TA; Cohen RA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: National Center for Health Statisics, CDC, Hyattsville, MD, USA. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:1064 (abstract no. 60354). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA12/98408603 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: HIV testing has several important benefits, including risk reduction through prevention counseling and referral of infected persons for medical and psychological services. These benefits occur only if persons tested receive their test results. METHODS: To determine the frequency and predictors of receiving HIV test results (excluding blood donations), we analyzed 19,127 adults in the 1994 US National Health Interview Survey, a population-based, probability sample household survey. We used multinomial logit model to determine factors independently associated with the rates of receiving HIV test results. RESULTS: HIV testing was reported by 24.3% (+/- SE = 0.8%) of persons in the survey (46 million US adults). Of those tested, 43.0% (+/- 0.9%) had primarily compulsory tests (military, employment, insurance, immigration, or hospitalization); 26.5% (+/- 0.8) had primarily self-initiated tests ("just to find out/I am worried that I am infected"); 9.1% (+/- 0.5%) acted on advice of a doctor, health department, or sex partner; and 21.4% (+/- 0.8%) were tested for other reasons. Of those tested, 78.6% (+/- 0.7%) reported receiving their results; 12.0% (+/- 0.6%) reported not receiving their results; and 9.4% (+/- 0.6%) reported being told that they would be notified if their test results were positive. The logit model revealed that persons were more likely (p < .05) to receive their test results if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, they lived alone or with non-relatives, their tests were self-initiated, or their tests were performed at public clinics, community health centers, or private physician offices rather than at hospitals or emergency rooms. Compared with those who did not receive their test results, persons were more likely (p < .05) to report being told they would be notified only of a positive result if they believed they had good knowledge about AIDS, or if their tests were performed at military, immigration, or private physician settings. The rates of receiving the test results did not differ by age, gender, race, education level, health status, or the number of previous HIV tests. CONCLUSIONS: More than one in ten persons tested for HIV did not receive their test results. Measures to increase the number of tested persons who receive their results, such as adding and enhancing pre-test counseling, or using rapid HIV-screening tests that provide results at the time of testing, are urgently needed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis/STANDARDS HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS Mandatory Testing/STANDARDS Truth Disclosure ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Adult Health Care Surveys Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Logistic Models Predictive Value of Tests Questionnaires United States PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng TITLE: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AUTHORS: Branson BM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. SOURCE: Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;20 Suppl 1:S3-22. SECONDARY SOURCE ID: MED/95315411 ABSTRACT: Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves characterization of the stage of HIV disease, institution of therapy to prevent associated infections and postpone deterioration of immune function, and assistance in preventing transmission of the virus. This review examines the available data on the efficacy of current recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of persons with early HIV infection. Existing evidence supports the efficacy of physical examination, monitoring of the CD4+ cell count, tuberculin testing (with chemotherapy for persons who test positive), anergy testing, Papanicolaou testing and screening for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (for high-risk women), screening for syphilis, antiretroviral therapy (for symptomatic patients), and guidance in reducing the transmission of HIV. Recommended measures for which evidence of clinical efficacy is less certain include immunization against infections due to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B virus as well as antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic persons. Quantitative measurement of viral titers appears promising for the monitoring of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy; the correlations of these titers with clinical end points need to be confirmed. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: HIV Infections/DIAGNOSIS HIV Infections/THERAPY ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Human HIV Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY HIV Infections/TRANSMISSION Monitoring, Physiologic Time Factors PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng TITLE: HIV test results and post-test counseling by telephone. AUTHORS: Branson B; Ballenger A; Olthoff G AUTHOR AFFILIATION: CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333. SOURCE: Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(2):288 (abstract no. PC0535). SECONDARY SOURCE ID: ICA10/94371819 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, client preferences, potential benefits, and adverse consequences of telephone notification for HIV test results in an STD clinic. METHODS: HIV testing was offered to all clients not tested within the past 3 months. From November, 1992 through April, 1993, clients were given the option to telephone (TN) or to return in person (IPN) for test results and counseling, and asked to complete a questionnaire when they received results. All clients testing positive were called to return in person for results, retesting, counseling and referral services. The TN period was compared to the previous 6 months when only IPN was available. RESULTS: When only IPN was available, 3002 (61%) clients agreed to HIV testing and 905 (30%) returned for results. When TN was offered, 3014 (81%) clients agreed to HIV testing. Of these, 97% elected TN rather than IPN, and 1529 (51%) received results and post-test counseling [see Table]. TABULAR DATA, SEE VOLUME ABSTRACT. Of 39 HIV+ clients, 33 (84%) had elected TN; 19 (57%) returned to the clinic after being called, and field visits were necessary to notify 14 others. Questionnaires were completed by 88% of the 1484 clients receiving TN. Most (78%) preferred TN because of convenience, citing transportation problems and work schedules as disadvantages of IPN. None of the 33 TN clients who tested positive perceived any adverse consequences from TN. CONCLUSION: When TN was offered, STD patients were more likely to be tested for HIV and more likely to receive their results and post-test counseling. The majority of clients preferred TN over IPN, and no adverse consequences were observed. TN is feasible and should be considered by STD clinics. MAIN MESH HEADINGS: AIDS Serodiagnosis Counseling/METHODS ADDITIONAL MESH HEADINGS: Ambulatory Care Facilities Comparative Study Female Georgia Human Male Questionnaires Telephone PUBLICATION TYPES: ABSTRACT LANGUAGES: Eng