To: Emile Vidrine who wrote (26904 ) 12/11/1998 1:43:00 AM From: Krowbar Respond to of 108807
Skeleton may hold key to evolution puzzle 4-foot ape-human found fossilized in South Africa cave By ALEX DUVAL SMITH Scripps Howard News Service JOHANNESBURG -- About 3.5 million years after he or she fell face first into a shaft -- possibly while fleeing a voracious carnivore -- a fossilized South African ape-human was unveiled Wednesday as the best clue yet to the conundrum of human evolution. South African paleontologists said the skull and skeleton of the Australopithecus hominid -- the only one to be found near-complete -- would provide more information on our transition from ape to human than any other similar fossil find. Ron Clarke, director of excavations at Sterkfontein cave near Johannesburg, where the specimen was discovered, said he had not been able to determine its sex. But he said it had heels adapted for standing upright, walked on two legs, and used distended big toes to climb trees. Its life would have been "similar to that which is led by chimpanzees today," said Clarke, of Witwatersrand University. He said the hominid was older and more complete than Lucy, fragments of whom were found in Ethiopia in 1974. "This is every paleontologist's dream," Clarke told a press conference Wednesday. "The find will move us closer to understanding the link between man and ape. "Until now we have had skulls and skeletons, but never both together. Now we will see which skull goes with which skeleton, and we will also be able to see how these creatures moved and the length of their arms in relation to their legs."Clarke said his team had chiseled out the "little creature" -- it's only 4 feet tall -- from a stalagmite created by the dripping of lime-charged water 50 feet below ground. Roots of humanity Phillip Tobias, who led the Witwatersrand team, said: "For those of us seeking to bring out the roots of humanity from the African soil, this is probably the most important paleo-anthropological find ever on the continent."Tobias said the fossil would help discover when some apes evolved into humans. "We're getting closer to the critical parting of the ways between hominids and African apes 5 (million) to 7 million years ago. For a long time, we thought the vegetation in southern Africa was savannah. Now we are fairly certain it was tropical forest. It is possible that a change in the climate inspired the apes to come down from the trees to look for food." Clarke said the first piece of the hominid -- a foot bone -- was unearthed by limestone miners at the cave in the 1920s. He found it in a box four years ago. "I knew there must be more of this little creature," he said. Carnivores always go for extremities like the feet, the hands, the head. If the feet were intact, I knew the rest of the skeleton was somewhere in the cave." A fragmented find The limestone in the 50-square-foot cave 20 miles northwest of Johannesburg, had shifted over the millennia, separating the torso of the hominid from its legs. Clarke's team found a tibia in July 1997, but it took them until this September to find the skull. With help from the geomagnetism laboratory at Liverpool University, the team dated the surrounding rock and antelope remains in a layer of younger rock above the hominid. "We came to the conclusion that this new creature is between 3.22 and 3.58 million years old," climatologist Tim Partridge said. "The fragments of Lucy are 3.2 million years old and the Laetoli footprints are 3.75 million years old." Clarke said much of the hominid remained lodged in Sterkfontein cave, and that tests and further chiseling in the next year would provide more information. That settles it Emile. We evolved from apes. Set aside the mythology in your Bible and enter the age of reason. Del