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To: Paul Engel who wrote (70222)	12/24/1998 6:56:00 PM
From: nihil	Respond to of 186894

re: bursting a balloon I must refer you to my earlier essay on the physics of balloon bursting which I had hoped would be my last word on the subject. (#70217). Be sure not to miss #70218 in reply. While it is true that a mere puncture of a freely falling balloon at a single point will turn it into a jet propelled airship, it is clear that all of the air does not come out of a simply punctured balloon. Under the theory of kinetic gases, only those molecules that happen to be going in the direction of the hole will exit -- like this: \|===>, while those going in the opposite direction at the time of the puncture will pound on the opposite wall (<==== like that. The ones going normally to the axis of puncture will bump into the floor and ceiling of the balloon, their forces countering each other equally within an epsilon. Integrating radially, a series of reactions will occur until the pressure of gas within the punctured ballon is precisely equal to the pressure of gas on the outside. The volume of the gas inside the punctured balloon will be exactly equal to the volume of the balloon with its punctured shell in equilibrium. The number of molecules of gas inside the shell will be fewer than the number originally under pressure (refer to Charles' Law or Gay-Lussac's or Straight-Boyles' Law and use Avogadro's number if you've gad it). The length of the stream of gas ejecta from the balloon will be (except for halo mixing effects) proportional to the square of the pressure difference between the inside gas and the outside gas before puncture less the resistive force of the atmosphere and the inverse van der Wahls number. Be very careful if the balloon is flying over Chinese airspace. If the balloon was in thermal equilibrium before puncture, then the temperatures of the remaining gas in the shell and in the plume of ejecta will be lower than ambient temperature. It is important to note that in a "burst" discussed elsewhere, and a "puncture" it is not at all likely that the system will autonomously return itself to the original structure. This is the "humpty dumpty effect" or the well-known second law of tulips. I hope this has mapped the remaining terra incognita in this vital subject. Most of what I know on this subject has been derived from following the tech experts (you especially) on the AMD thread. See what you've wrought. Have a nice Kwanzaa.