To: Bob Dobbs who wrote (26946 ) 1/24/1999 5:33:00 PM From: goldsnow Respond to of 116764
Inflation Now Haunting Brazil Sunday, 24 January 1999 R I O D E J A N E I R O , B R A Z I L (AP) A COMPUTER store removes price tags in Brazilian currency and writes them in dollars. General Motors Corp. hikes prices and hastily lowers them when the government threatens retaliation. The ghost of inflation is back to haunt South America's biggest economy, days after the government abruptly devalued the real on Jan. 12 to stem a hemorrhaging of foreign exchange. Naturally, Brazilians hope this doesn't mean a return to the old days of prices that increased 30 times in a single year. "Inflation used to make my family's life so complicated: we didn't know where we stood from one day to the next," said civil servant Silvia Santana, 27. The currency, left to float freely, has already lost 30 percent of its value against the dollar in the last two weeks, prompting manufacturers and retailers to try to protect profits with price increases. GM announced last week it was raising prices 12.8 percent and Ford Motor Co. said it would do so by 11 percent. Fiat and Volkswagen soon followed, also blaming the weak real and cost of imported parts. They weren't the only ones. A hotel in the capital Brasilia raised rates by 30 percent. Some computer stores in Sao Paulo illegally marked up prices in dollars or indexed them to the exchange rate. Inflation has plagued the nation for decades. But soaring prices were brought to earth when President Fernando Henrique Cardoso introduced the Real Plan in 1994 and pegged the real to the dollar. During Cardoso's first term, inflation plummeted from 2,700 percent a year in 1993 to just 2 percent last year. But now, weeks into Cardoso's second term, Brazil has scrapped its inflation-busting plan, battered by global market turbulence and investor flight. The six-month drain of some $45 billion in foreign reserves proved too severe. Worried about the latest round of inflation, Rio taxi driver Fernando Alves de Abreu, 38, remembers when gasoline prices used to rise almost every day. "It was very, very difficult, although people just got on with it," he said. "This time, if crazy inflation returns they'll take to the streets." Some Brazilians are already taking a stand against price hikes. New car buyers in Belo Horizonte, capital of the central Minas Gerais state, are going to court to challenge 30 percent increases in monthly payments, which are pegged to the dollar. After tourists at the inflationary hotel in Brasilia denounced the hikes, the hotel faces legal action for breaking a consumer code that forbids raising prices without justification. "Whoever wants to take advantage of this moment will be castigated," Communications Minister Pimenta da Veiga warned last week, attacking GM and Ford. "First by public opinion, and then by the government." At the end of last week, GM hastily decided to lower its 12.8 percent price rise to 5.5 percent. Until now, inflation has yet to hit most Brazilians, but it will soon. "We advise families to keep a close eye on prices at the supermarket - their shopping bills are likely to increase up to 10 percent this year," said Marcos Silvestre, director of Brazil's Personal Finance Advisory Center, in an interview with CBN radio. It is unclear if the inflation is a one-time adjustment to the currency devaluation, or will take hold. "We are really in the dark but I believe the government won't allow inflation," said Anderson Souza, 42, manager of a gift shop in Rio. "It knows how to handle it better now." Finance Minister Pedro Malan agrees. "Inflation will not come back," he pledged in Sunday's O Globo newspaper. "It will be controlled by monetary and fiscal policy." "During the inflationary era the consumer was obliged to buy because he thought the next day or month the price would be higher," Malan said. "That's not true now. The consumer has had four years to learn he doesn't need to accept every price rise."