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To: On the QT who wrote (97578)2/12/1999 7:24:00 AM
From: GVTucker  Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 176387
 
QT, thanks for the reasoned rebuttal.

A few responses:

<<Do you know if Ford Investor Services is in anyway referring to Ikenberry at Yale? Does Ikenberry admit to a flawed study? What are these adjustments that Ikenberry should have made and did not?>>

I have never seen Ford Investor Services' study; I don't believe it has been published in any of the academic journals that I follow. I do know that for every study that I have seen that passes basic tests of sound research (less than 10, more than 5), all go back to Ikenberry's data.

Adjustments that Ikenberry should have made are primarily twofold. First, stocks that split are higher risk securities overall than the market, i.e. the S&P 500. This was particularly true when the S&P was much less technology-weighted. Although Ikenberry adjusts his data for a risk component, he uses a volatility measurement that hearkens back to Modern Portfolio Theory, which has been recently shown to be a poor indicator of expected returns. (Not that I am a disbeliever in the theory of MPT, mind you, just that the concept of beta needs to be changed somehow.) Thus, to use an extreme example, a stock like Yahoo! should have a greater expected return than a stock like General Motors, and a split has nothing to do with this return. Secondly, Ikenberry's archive research didn't take into account stocks that were delisted. The result is that some of the 'bad' companies were not included, whereas all of the 'good' companies were included. As opposed to my point as to risk, this factor unquestionably skews the data. For example, odds are that COPY will go away some time in the next 5 years. When it does, it won't pop up on the stock history databases. Thus, COPY's poor performance with 2 splits won't appear. A couple of pieces of data that Ikenberry did adjust for, but most studies friendly to stock splits do not, is concomitant information released such as earnings and dividends. This is a basic flaw in these studies. I do not know whether Ford Investor Services adjusted its data for these factors or not. But given the magnitude that they claim (4 or 5 percentage points) my guess is that they did not adjust for these simple factors. Note that Ikenberry did not measure near this degree of outperformance.

<<What are the name of these studies and where can we view them? >>

The studies are from the 70's, 80's, and 90's, and are published in Financial Analysts Journal, The Journal of Finance, The Journal of Investing, and the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. I do not believe that these journals are on line; you'll need to go to the library. Forgive me for not citing specific issues, but my data on this subject went ot the same place that lost socks in the dryer live. I do know that you can do a search at the library on 'stock splits' and all of these articles will appear.

Ikenberry has since made an adjustment to his data to account for some of the delisted stocks. This lowered the return somewhat, and admits that the data on delisted stocks is so poor that it may be impossible to capture all of this information. As far as the risk concept is concerned, this is a point that Ikenberry does not grant. There are good arguments on both sides here, I just happen to fall on the other side from Ikenberry. One thing is for sure, at least to me, and that is that split outperformance is not a 'true fact statement'. It is an arguable opinion.