To: keith massey who wrote (2494 ) 3/6/1999 4:54:00 PM From: keith massey Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 4467
For anyone that has ever heard the terms Curbs in or Fair Value on CNBC and not understood what they mean I thought I would post this explaination. Almost every day, CNBC runs a banner on your television screen that says, "Curbs In". And; almost every day, we receive a ton of email from investors asking, "What are curbs?" Here is the answer for you: Program Trading "Collars" A collar on program trading firms instituted by the NYSE is most commonly referred to on CNBC as "Curbs In". The Exchange applies program trading curbs whenever the Dow Jones Industrial Average moves 180 points higher, or 180 points lower than the previous day's closing price. The NYSE restriction on program trades stays in place until the Dow Jones returns to within 90 points of the previous day's closing price; or, until the end of the trading day at 3:00 CT. The restrictions will be re-imposed each time the Dow Jones advances or declines 180 points. NYSE Trading Curbs apply only to our firm's (and other program trading firm's) computer assisted program trades. The NYSE defines a Program Trade as: 1. A basket of 15 or more stocks from the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. 2. A basket of stocks from the Standard & Poor's 500 Index valued at $1 million or more. Once the NYSE program trading collar is in place, Program Selling can be executed only on an up-tick. That means that the last trade was executed at a higher price than the trade before it. Program Buying can be executed only on a down-tick. That means that the last trade was executed at a lower price than the trade before it. What is Fair Value? One of the most frequently asked question from viewers calling into CNBC's morning The Squawk Box has been "What is Fair Value?". Almost every day, CNBC gives viewers the theoretical prices for program trading, listing the Fair Value, along with certain levels in the premium (or spread) that would theoretically cause program buying or program selling to hit the markets. In addition, every time that the NYSE puts collars on computer assisted program trading, CNBC shows a graphic on your television screen that says "Curbs In". So naturally a lot of viewers call in asking about the so called "Fair Value" and wanting to know exactly what it is and what it means. According to Professor Hans Stoll at Vanderbilt University the formula for Fair Value is really very simple. Of course that is easy for him to say, since he is one of the world's leading academic authorities on equities markets, listed options, program trading and a bunch of other stuff about stock markets. Here is Professor Stoll's formula for Fair Value: FV = S [1 + (I - D)] Where "S" is the S&P 500 Index known as , SPY on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or SPX on the NYSE and CBOE exchanges. Where "I" is the amount of interest paid to your broker to borrow the money to buy all of the stocks in the S&P 500 Index. The interest is calculated based on a percentage lending rate (R) from the current date (today) until the date that the S&P Futures Contract expires (H, M, U, or Z). Where "D" is the amount of Dividends paid to you from all of the companies that you own in the S&P 500 Index. The dividends are paid to you based on the record dates for each stock in the Index that are announced between the current date (today) and until the date that the S&P Futures Contract expires (H, M, U, or Z). This dividend income is expressed as a percentage rate too. That's it. Wasn't that simple. Fair Value is nothing more than... ...the value of SP500, plus the interest I pay my broker to buy the stocks, minus all of the dividend checks I get. Best Regards KEITH